农户兼业经营的生成条件、效应及其演化方向

The Generation Conditions, Effects and Evolution Direction of Farmers’ Concurrent Operations

农户兼业经营广度和深度的不断扩大,使农业生产在较大程度上面临着被边缘化的威胁,从而兼业经营成为影响农业经营效率改善的重要因素之一。基于对历史和现实的考察,本文解析了农户兼业经营的生成、效应及演化方向。农户兼业经营发轫于传统农业社会,但与现代社会的农户兼业经营存在迥然不同的属性。农户兼业经营的生成是内外力量共同塑造的结果。农户兼业经营衍生出的正效应主要表现为:农民就业的蓄水池,增加农民收入,降低工业化和城市化成本。其负效应主要表现为:弱化农业经营并滞缓农业规模经营,农民工家庭支付了巨大的情感成本,削弱了农户环境保护行为。化解负效应可行的思路是加快农民工的市民化进程并实现同质化的市民待遇,在合理补偿的前提下推进土地承包权退出,完善现有的兼业经营,以合理引导农户兼业经营的演化方向。

The continuous expansion of the breadth and depth of farmers’concurrent operations has made agricultural production face the threat of marginalization to a large extent,and concurrent operations have become one of the important factors affecting the improvement of agricultural management efficiency.Based on the investigation of history and reality,this article analyzes the generation,effect and evolution direction of farmers’concurrent operations.Farmers’concurrent operations originated in traditional agricultural society,but they have very different attributes from those in modern society.The emergence of concurrent farming operations is the result of the joint creation of internal and external forces.The positive effects derived from the concurrent operation of farmers are mainly manifested as:a reservoir for farmers’employment,increasing farmers’income,and reducing the cost of industrialization and urbanization.Its negative effects are mainly manifested as weakening of agricultural operations and slowing down of agricultural scale operations,rural migrant workers’families have paid huge emotional costs,and weakening farmers’environmental protection behavior.The feasible way of resolving the negative effects is to accelerate the process of rural migrant workers’citizenship and achieve homogenous citizenship treatment,promote the withdrawal of land contract rights under the premise of reasonable compensation,improve existing part-time operations,and reasonably guide the evolution direction of farmers’concurrent operations.