农地产权间的功能冲突与调和——基于保障与生产功能关系的辨析

The Functional Conflict and Harmonization among Rural Land Property Rights——Analysis based on Relationship between Security and Production Function

"三权分置"解决的是农地产权间的权属冲突,但本文研究认为功能冲突仍可能存在。现实分析表明,因体现保障功能的农地配置其产出已低于农民收入目标,农业生产功能被破坏,而放活经营权后,规模经营虽可解决生产问题,但难以承担被理解为收入保障的保障功能。基于产权理论的分析表明,经营权的生产功能与承包权的保障功能分别靠市场机制和政府干预实现,若保障的是收入,就容易推高地租价格,破坏农业生产。通过内涵的再审视表明,农地保障实质是一种风险预防功能,当农民有其它更高收入来源时,农地收入只是一种保底选择。要调和与生产功能的冲突,保障功能的实现形式应由保障收入变为保障农民的农地财产权,而这一权利带来多少收益由市场决定。

The"Three-rights Separation"solves the ownership conflicts between the property rights of agricultural land,but the research in this article believes that functional conflicts may still exist.Realistic analysis shows that the output of agricultural land allocation that reflects the guarantee function has been lower than the income target of farmers,and the function of agricultural production has been destroyed.However,after the management rights are released,large-scale operation can solve the production problem,but it is difficult to undertake the security function that is understood as income security.The analysis based on the theory of property rights shows that the production function of the management right and the guarantee function of the contracting right are realized by the market mechanism and government intervention respectively.If income is guaranteed,it is easy to push up the price of land rent and destroy agricultural production.A re-examination of the connotation shows that agricultural land security is essentially a risk prevention function.When farmers have other sources of higher income,agricultural land income is only a guarantee option.To reconcile the conflict with the production function,the realization form of the guarantee function should be changed from guaranteeing income to guaranteeing farmers’farmland property rights,and how much benefit this right brings is determined by the market.