产业政策、资源配置与制造业升级:基于价值链的视角

Industrial Policy, Resource Allocation and Upgrading of Manufacturing Industry:From the Perspective of Value Chain

产业政策的本质目标是通过政策引导实现要素优化配置,进而推动产业技术进步和价值链升级。因而,从资源配置视角反思和挖掘不同类型产业政策失败与成功的道理具有重要理论价值和现实意义。基于此,本文基于竞争性与选择性的分类原则,从资源配置视角考察了不同类型产业政策对制造业价值链升级的差异化影响。研究表明:选择性产业政策显著抑制了制造业价值链升级,而竞争性产业政策显著推进了制造业价值链升级;资源配置机制的检验结果显示,选择性产业政策主要通过恶化资本错配而非劳动力错配进一步抑制制造业价值链升级,竞争性税收优惠政策与竞争性政府补贴政策将通过改善资本错配与劳动力错配间接推进制造业价值链升级,而竞争性低息贷款政策只通过改善资本错配间接推进制造业价值链升级,劳动力错配机制显著为负。基于以上结论,本文认为中国当前应转向实施以竞争性产业政策为主体的产业政策体系,并注重金融供给侧改革与劳动力素质的提升。

The pivotal objective of industrial policy is to realize an optimal allocation of factors through policy guidance,so as to promote industrial technology progress and value chain upgrading.Hence,it is of great theoretical value and practical significance to reflect and excavate the essential reasons resulting in the failure and success of different types of industrial policies from the perspective of resource allocation.Based on the classification principles of competitiveness and selectivity,this paper examines the diversified impacts of different types of industrial policies exerting on the upgrading of manufacturing value chain from the perspective of resource allocation.The results show that:selective industrial policies can significantly inhibit the upgrading of manufacturing enterprise value chain,while competitive industrial policies may considerably promote the upgrading of manufacturing enterprise value chain.These test results of resource allocation mechanism indicate that selective industrial policies in effect further inhibit the upgrading of manufacturing enterprise value chain primarily through worsening capital mismatch rather than labor mismatch.Competitive tax policies and competitive government subsidy policies will indirectly promote the upgrading of manufacturing enterprise value chain through improving capital mismatch and labor mismatch,while competitive low interest loan policies only indirectly enhance manufacturing enterprise value chain upgrading through improving capital mismatch,and labor mismatch mechanism is highly negative.Based on the above conclusions,this paper argues that China should transform to the implementation of industry policy system with competitive industry policies as the main boby,and should pay more attention to the reform of financial supply side as well as the improvement of labor quality.