多层次市场需求对制造业企业创新的影响研究

The Impact of Multi-level Market Demand on the Innovation of Manufacturing Enterprises

虽然企业创新问题已受到广泛关注,但是,同时从需求结构和需求规模角度,探讨多层次市场需求对企业创新的异质性影响这一重要命题却少有研究。本文构建包含0—1类型需求结构的一般均衡模型,同时考虑消费者异质性和企业异质性,推导出收入分布隐含的多层次需求结构、市场规模以及二者的交互对不同生产率企业创新的影响,刻画出内涵更加丰富的"新的价格效应"和"新的市场规模效应"。理论和经验研究发现:收入分布的右移以及市场规模的扩大都会促进高生产率企业的创新,并且市场规模的扩大会进一步强化收入分布的创新效应;相反,对于低生产率企业来说,收入分布的变化对其创新没有显著影响,仅存在市场规模的创新效应。本文的政策含义是,在当前构建以国内大循环为主体,国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局下,应该认识到中国所拥有的超大国内市场及其存在的多层次需求结构的优势,从"需求结构引致创新"和"需求规模引致创新"两个方面,激发多层次市场需求的企业创新效应,培育国际竞争新优势。

Although the issue of enterprise innovation has been widely concerned,there is no research on the heterogeneous impact of multi-level market demand on enterprise innovation from the perspective of demand structure and demand scale.This paper constructs a general equilibrium model including 0-1 type demand structure.Considering the heterogeneity of consumers and enterprises,this paper deduces the impact of multi-level demand structure implied by income distribution,market size and their interaction on innovation of enterprises with different productivity,and depicts a kind of"new price effect"and"new market scale effect".Theoretical and empirical studies show that:the right shift of income distribution and the expansion of market size will promote the innovation of high productivity enterprises,and the expansion of market size will further strengthen the innovation effect of income distribution;on the contrary,for low productivity enterprises,the change of income distribution has no significant impact on their innovation,and only the innovation effect of market scale exists.The policy implication of this article is that under the new development paradigm featuring dual circulation,in which domestic and overseas markets reinforce each other,with the domestic market as the mainstay.We should recognize the advantages of China’s huge domestic market and its existing multi-level demand structure,then the government could stimulate the multi-level market demand of enterprise innovation effect,and foster new international competitive advantage via"demand structure leads to innovation"and"demand scale leads to innovation".