数据生产要素研究进展

Research Progress on Data as a Factor of Production

在数字经济时代,数据被广泛地视为一种新的生产要素,在社会生产活动中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文首先探讨了数据生产要素的经济学概念及其主要特征,强调了数据生产要素的虚拟性和非竞争性特征,以及由此产生的边际产出递增、强正外部性、产权模糊与衍生性等特点。进一步,本文梳理了数据生产要素价值的估计方法以及将数据生产要素纳入经济增长框架的宏观经济理论。之后,本文相继分析了数据生产要素对微观企业决策与生产效率的影响,与数据要素相关的产业组织问题,以及金融市场中数据所发挥的降低信息摩擦的作用。最后,本文介绍了数据生产要素相关的隐私问题及其可能的交易机制,提出了当前数据生产要素相关研究存在的一些主要不足与未来拓展研究的方向。

In the digital economy era,data is widely seen as a factor of production,and plays a key role in social economic activities.In this paper,we first study the economic concepts and main characteristics of data,and emphasize the key features of data on the basis of virtuality and non-rivalry:increasing marginal returns,strong positive externalities,vague property and derivativeness.We then introduce major estimation methods for estimating the value of the data factor of production,and underlining macro theories of economic growth.After that,we investigate the impact of the data factor of production on micro decision-making and productivity,related industrial organization issues,and how data reduced information frictions in financial markets.At last,we introduce data-related privacy issues,and potential data market mechanisms.