经济全球化新趋势与传统国际贸易理论的局限性——基于比较优势到竞争优势的政治经济学分析

The New Trend of Economic Globalization and Limitations of Traditional International Trade Theory——A Political Economy on Comparative Advantage to Competitive Advantage

近年来,西方发达国家兴起的"逆全球化"思潮冲击了世界经贸秩序,使原本就复苏乏力的世界经济因此遭受了进一步的负面冲击。全球经济增长在2019年就已经降至十年来最低水平,而2020年更是受新冠肺炎疫情的冲击陷入罕见的负增长。当前世界经济走势面临持续下滑趋势,究其内在因缘,主要是世界市场上潜在的外延型扩大再生产空间受限而创新动能不足。而新自由主义经济理论思潮与比较优势学说主导的全球经济治理模式,又阻碍了世界经济转向内涵型增长模式,新的经济增长点难以开辟。面对经济全球化新趋势,需要破解比较优势理论导致的后发国家被"低端锁定"难以发展的状态,从而在世界范围推动增长动能从要素驱动向创新和效率驱动的转变,提高经济增长质量。

In recent years,the trend of"anti-globalization"rising in western developed countries has impacted the global trade and economic order,which has made the world economy,already weak in recovery,suffer a further negative impact.In 2019,the global economic growth has dropped to the lowest level in ten years.And in 2020,the global economy experienced a rare negative growth due to the massive shock from COVID-19.The current world economy exhibits a steady downward trend,owing to the shrinkage of extended reproduction activities in the world market and the shortage of innovation momentums.As the model of global economic governance was dominated by the neoliberal economic theory and the theory of comparative advantage,the transformation of the world economy into a connotative growth model has been hindered and new economic growth points are difficult to open up.Adapting to the new trend of economic globalization requires us to break the development dilemma that the late-developing countries are locked in the low end of the value chain after practicing the theory of comparative advantage,and improve the quality of global economic growth by promoting a shift from a factor-driven to an innovation-driven approach to world economic growth.