中国营商环境的区域差异及动态演进——基于四大经济圈的实证分析

Regional Differences and Dynamic Evolution of China’s Business Environment——A Empirical Study on Four Economic Circles

优化营商环境是经济高质量发展的要求。基于社会信用体系理论,从政务环境、商务环境、法治环境和社会环境四个方面构建了营商环境评价指标体系,采用熵权TOPSIS法对京津冀、长三角、珠三角和成渝四大经济圈的营商环境进行评价与比较,并使用Dagum基尼系数对营商环境的区域差异进行测度和分析,运用Kernel密度估计方法探究其动态演进过程。研究结果表明,四大经济圈营商环境水平整体不高但呈上升趋势,政务环境和社会环境表现良好,法治环境问题突出;四大经济圈营商环境水平呈现空间差异,区域间差异高于区域内差异,超变密度差异起主导作用。做好顶层设计、加强信用建设、促进区域内均衡发展、推动区域间协同发展是优化营商环境建设和实现经济高质量发展的可行策略。

Improving the business environment is a requirement for high-quality economic development.Based on the theory of social credit system, this paper firstly constructs the evaluation index system of business environment from four aspects of government environment, business environment, legal environment and social environment.Secondly, the entropy-weight TOPSIS method is used to evaluate and compare the business environment in the four economic circles of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Chengdu-Chongqing.Thirdly, the Dagum Gini coefficient is used to measure and analyze the regional differences of the business environment, and finally the Kernel density estimation method is used to explore its distribution dynamics.The research results show that the overall level of business environment in the four economic circles is low but gradually rising.The government and social environments are excellent, but the legal environment needs to be improved.The level of business environment in the four economic circles is spatially different, the inter-regional difference is higher than the intra-regional difference, and the difference intensity of transvariation plays a leading role.It is necessary to optimize the business environment and promote high-quality economic development by doing a good job in top-level design, strengthening credit construction, promoting balanced development within regions and advancing coordinated development among regions.