教育投入与受教育程度对缩小收入差距的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Educational Input and Subjective Education level to Narrow Income Gap

虽然基尼系数反映出我国收入分配状况逐年好转,但不能以绝对差距下降的趋势特征掩盖收入差距处于相对高位的基本事实。不断缩小收入差距,不仅是解决改革开放以来重效率、轻公平意识下经济高速增长所产生发展"短板"的需要,也是经济新常态下全面建成小康社会,实现包容性发展与贯彻共享发展理念的需要。本文分别从客观教育投入因素与微观个体受教育年限为代表的主观因素出发,采用宏观收入数据、教育经费财务数据及微观调查数据,利用广义矩估计、固定效应面板模型、分位数回归等方法比较研究了教育对收入差距影响的不同机制。结果显示,我国各级教育经费投入存在城乡差异,且这种投入差异是导致我国城乡收入差距的主要原因之一。现阶段,鉴于单位受教育年限的提高对高技能劳动者影响更为显著,所以提高所有劳动者单位受教育水平无助于缩小社会整体收入差距。未来,教育投入应更加注重向低收入组别的、低技能劳动者倾斜。

Although China’s income distribution situation reflected by Gini coefficient improved year by year,but it cannot cover the basic fact that income gap is relatively high.China must narrow income gap continuously,not only to solve the"short board"because of weighting efficiency than fair since the reform and opening up,but also to achieve inclusive development and implementation of shared development concept under the new economic conditions.Based on macroeconomic income data,educational financial data and micro-survey data,this paper compares different mechanisms of education on the income gap using GMM,fixed effect panel model,quantile regression method from the objective factors such as government education investment and micro-individual’education level.The results show that the differences in education funding at all levels is one of the main reasons leading to the income gap in China.At this stage,in view of the increase in the number of years of education for the highly skilled workers is more significant,to improve the level of education of all workers does not help alleviate the overall social income gap.In the future,government should invest more education funds to the low-income and low-skilled workers.