价值转形与置盐定理:一个批评和自我批评

The Transformation Problem and the Okishio Theorem:A Critique and a Self-critique

价值转形问题和置盐定理是相互关联的,因为后者采纳了鲍特基维茨将投入转形的进路,用鲍特基维茨的利润率定义代替了马克思的定义。笔者几年前曾先后研究了价值转形问题和置盐定理。在转形问题上,笔者延续了"新解释"开创的思路,批评了迄今流行的将投入转形的做法,力主在转形问题上回到马克思。然而,在围绕置盐定理的研究里,我们却非批判地采纳了置盐的利润率定义和相关方程。本文一方面是一个自我批评,另一方面继续深化了对鲍特基维茨的批判,提出他从成本收益关系出发,曲解了转形在马克思理论体系中的特殊含义。在此基础上,笔者也批评了置盐的观点,同时还试图在马克思的框架内,发现置盐的见解中所蕴含的合理因素。

The transformation problem is inter-connected with the Okishio Theorem,because the latter follows the former’s approach to transform value of inputs,and replace Marx’s definition of profit rate with the one of Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz.In recent years,I once researched these two problems respectively.As for the transformation problem,I attempted to develop the approach of the New Interpretation,arguing for a return to Marx,and criticizing Bortkiewicz’s approach of transforming inputs.Nevertheless,in my study of the Okishio Theorem,I still adopted Okishio’s equation of the price of production and definition of profit rate.This article is a selfcritique as well as a further refutation of Bortkiewicz,contending that he misunderstands the specific meaning of the transformation in Marx’s theoretical system,dealing with it in the perspective of cost-benefit framework.Thereupon I make a critique towards Okishio as well,while attempting to identify rational elements in Okishio’s view.