意愿、执行与保障:中国、韩国和新加坡新冠肺炎疫情防控对策比较

Willingness, Implementation and Support: Comparison of Policy Responses to Covid-19 in China, the Republic of Korea and Singapore

在新冠疫苗研发和普及成功前,如何有效防控新冠肺炎疫情是世界各国的当务之急。目前为止,东亚各国较快地控制住了疫情。文章依据公共卫生危机的领导力理论,构建了"意愿—执行—保障"分析框架,对各国的抗疫政策进行归类,揭示政府、社会、公共卫生体系和医疗体系四个主体的作用。通过对东亚三国——中国、韩国和新加坡的抗疫做法(前100天左右)进行系统比较,文章提出三国的抗疫对策虽然表面看似不同,但都采取了积极应对的态度,辅之以符合本国基础资源和服务能力的政策措施,通过协作来保障资源和人力的横向和纵向分配,以确保防疫体系中实力薄弱的环节不被突破,从而在前期取得较好的防控效果。

How to effectively combat the Covid-19 pandemic before vaccines are available is an urgent global challenge.So far,East Asian countries have adopted different policy responses and quickly controlled the spread of the virus.Based on the leadership theory in health crises,this paper develops an analytical framework of"willingness-implementation-support"to classify and analyze the pandemic responses of China,the Republic of Korea and Singapore.The research findings reveal the roles of the four main sectors:the government,the community,the public health system,and the clinical system.After systematically comparing the practices of the three East Asian countries(in the first 100 days after the virus was first discovered),this paper argues that although the policy responses appear to be different,they all share the same features of proactive control and coordination.Proactive and coordinated pandemic responses,in combination with practical and adaptable policy measures,can help to adjust the resource and personnel distribution across sectors and in the government hierarchy,ensuring that the weakest links of the epidemic prevention system are not broken,and ultimately deliver effective outcomes.