欧盟国家养老保险制度对收入分配调节作用研究

A Study on the Regulating Effect of the EUs Countries’ Pension Insurance Systems on Income Distribution

养老保险制度是调节居民收入分配差距的一项重要再分配政策,文章基于EUROMOD数据,考察了欧盟国家养老保险制度对收入再分配的影响效果,并从支出水平、筹资模式和给付手段等角度,分析欧盟国家养老保险制度调节居民收入差距的实践路径。研究表明:欧盟国家养老保险制度较好地实现了收入由较高收入人群向较低收入人群的转移,起到了缩小收入差距的作用。养老金整体支出水平、筹资模式和给付模式等方面在一定程度上影响了不同欧盟国家养老保险制度在促进收入分配公平层面的效果。最后,在借鉴欧盟国家经验教训的基础上,文章提出了完善我国养老保险制度的初步建议。

The pension insurance system is an important redistributive policy to regulate the income distribution gap between residents.Based on EUROMOD data,this paper investigates the effects of the pension insurance systems on income redistribution and analyzes the practice path of adjusting the income gap between residents by the pension insurance systems of EU countries from the perspectives of the expenditure level,financing mode and means of payment.The research shows that the pension insurance systems of EU countries transferred income of the high-income group to the low-income group better and narrowed the income gap.The overall pension expenditure level,financing mode and payment mode have affected the effect of the pension insurance systems of different EU countries in promoting income distribution equity to a certain extent.According to the experience of EU countries,this paper also puts forward preliminary suggestions to improve China’s pension insurance system.