农地流转促进农民创业决策了吗?——基于三省1947户农户调查数据的实证

Does Farmland Transfer Promote Farmers’ Entrepreneurship Decisions?Empirical Evidence from 1947 Farmers in Three Provinces

本文依据陕西、宁夏、山东农地产权制度改革试点地区1947户农户调查数据,采用倾向得分匹配法,实证探究了农地流转参与对农民创业基本决策、创业劳动力配置和资产配置决策的影响效应。研究结果表明,农地转入显著促进了涉农创业、创业农民劳动力雇佣及生产环节外包决策的实施,以及生产性固定资产、预防性储蓄、保险购买方面的资产配置决策;而农地转出显著促进了非农创业,并抑制了创业农民短期雇佣和保险购买决策。农地转入通过提升家庭收入和推动农地抵押融资进而促进农业创业,而农地转出通过增加家庭收入和抑制农地抵押融资进而促进非农创业。研究进一步发现,农地转入对农民农业创业、创业劳动力配置和资产配置决策的正向影响在农地依赖性程度高、已完成农地确权颁证及获批农地抵押贷款组更为显著,而农地转出对农民非农创业、创业雇佣劳动力与资产配置决策的影响在前述三组中被一定程度削弱。据此提出优化农民创业培训体系、完善农村产权流转交易体系及协调匹配机制建设等政策建议。

Using the survey data of 1947 farmers in Shaanxi,Ningxia and Shandong from the pilot areas of the reform of farmland property rights,we test the impact of farmland transfer on farmers’entrepreneurship with the propensity score matching(PSM)method.The results show that farmland inflow significantly encourages farmers to engage in agricultural entrepreneurship employment and production outsourcing,affecting their assets allocation,including productive fixed assets,preventive savings and insurance purchases.On the contrary,farmland outflow significantly promotes farmers’non-agricultural entrepreneurship and inhibits the short-term employment and insurance purchases.We also find that the former effect is produced by family income increase and finance encouragement,while the latter is brought by family income increase but finance inhibition.We further reveal that the positive impacts of farmland inflow are more significant in the groups with high dependence on farmland,completed farmland certification,and approved farmland mortgage loans.However,the impacts of farmland outflow are weaker in the above three groups.Therefore,the training system of farmers’entrepreneurship,the transfer system of rural property right and its matching mechanism should be improved.