全球价值链重构与跨国公司战略分化——基于全球化转向的探讨

Reconstruction of Global Value Chain and Strategic Differentiation of Multinational Corporations: A Discussion based on Globalization Diversion

跨国公司是两轮现代经济全球化浪潮的产物。在第二轮现代经济全球化浪潮中,跨国公司群体日益走向成熟,主导和推动了全球价值链的形成与发展。过去30年,全球价值链经历了持续快速扩张,再转向小幅收缩。当前的全球价值链重构,成为了左右跨国公司战略选择的至关重要的一个因素,而跨国公司的战略选择又将影响全球价值链重构的未来趋向。本文探讨了全球化的最新变化,将其变化的主要特征概括为全球化转向,具体呈现为经济局部区域化与经济无形化的交织。全球化转向,需要跨国公司通过差异化的战略加以应对。结合中国情境下跨国公司战略分化的实践,本文考察了跨国公司实施聚焦收缩战略、组合迁移战略和集成编排战略三种不同战略选择的情况。文中指出,全球化转向给全球市场运行与全球价值链重构带来更多不确定性,跨国公司的全球战略失败的风险将上升,在应对全球市场环境变化的过程中,跨国公司战略分化意味着,领先者和滞后者在适应全球化转向上的绩效差距,难免进一步扩大。

Multinational corporations are the product of two rounds of modern economic globalization.In the second wave of modern economic globalization,multinational corporations have become increasingly mature,leading the formation and development of global commodity chains and the transformation to global value chains.The past 30 years have been the second stage of the second round of modern economic globalization.Compared with the previous period,the participation of developing countries in the international production system and global value chain has been significantly improved during this stage,which has promoted the globalization.The continuous and rapid expansion of the value chain.After the international financial crisis in 2008,the global value chain showed a ten-year development state of slight contraction.The current reconstruction of the global value chain has become a crucial factor in the strategic choice of multinational companies,and the strategic choice of multinational companies will affect the future trend of the reconstruction of global value chains.The next ten to fifteen years will be an important period for the transformation of the international production system and the reconstruction of the global value chain.And understanding the process of globalization is an indispensable thinking background for grasping and analyzing the problem of global value chain reconstruction.For this reason,we discussed the latest changes in the process of globalization,and summarized the main characteristics of the changes as the globalization diversion.Different from the common view of"deglobalization"or"backlash against globalization",our view on the process of globalization is that globalization is a tortuous process that has a history of hundreds of years.The essence of the current shrinking and countercurrent appearance of globalization is that globalization is undergoing a diversion.The globalization diversion has two characteristics:one is shifting to regionalization.The local regionalization mentioned in this article represents a multi-centralized power structure that de-economic hegemony.It can better meet the actual needs of countries in the world for economic development under the political and cultural background of different regions,and slow down economic competition.The strong impact of the highly differentiated non-economic value meaning of regional human groups.We believe that this kind of localization can brew new development momentum for broader and deeper globalization.The second is to diversion from tangible to intangible.The early stage of economic intangibility will accelerate the expansion of globalization.Then,the differentiation effect of the old and new economies brought about by the intangibility of the economy will separate the world into parts that have different responses to globalization,and promote the process of globalization in multiple conflicts.Realize contraction and steering in the state.The strategic choices of multinational companies will affect the future trend of global value chain reconstruction.The globalization diversion is the fundamental force driving the restructuring of the global value chain in the future.The diversionof globalization requires multinational companies to respond with differentiated strategies.We divide the strategic choices of multinational corporations into three types:one is the focused contraction strategy implemented to adapt to the shrinking trend of globalization;the second is the combined migration strategy implemented to adapt to the globalization diversion;the third is the simultaneous implementation of the global diversion.Integrated orchestration strategy.Combining the Chinese context,we investigated the differentiated practices of the above three strategies of multinational companies.We believe that multinational companies implementing integrated orchestration strategies are more willing to regard the Chinese market as a factor full of possibilities and vitality,they are more willing to share the uncertainty of participating in the growth of the Chinese market,and more willing to use their own frontiers Technological means to explore the huge potential of China’s richer resource aggregation and value-added opportunities-these multinational companies are relatively more relevant to China’s economic interests,and at the same time,they may be more systematically related to the globalization diversion.In general,as the globalization diversion brings more uncertainty to the operation of the global market and the reconstruction of the global value chain,the risk of the failure of the global strategy of multinational corporations will tend to rise.In the process of responding to changes in the global market environment In China,the strategic differentiation of multinational companies means that the performance gap between leaders and lagging companies in adapting to the globalization diversion will inevitably widen.