国土空间规划下城市收缩与复兴中的空间形态调整

Spatial Adjustment of Shrinking Cities in the Territorial Spatial Planning

在国土空间规划体系的构建过程中,市级国土空间总体规划在战略引导城市空间可持续发展方面,担负着处理城市和区域的空间关系、探索城市空间发展模式、进行空间结构优化的职责。在我国城镇化发展出现局部人口收缩的新背景下,部分区域和城市的收缩与复兴对其空间布局调整和结构优化将产生决定性影响。因此,文章基于收缩城市研究中的空间形态调整规律,探讨其在国土空间规划背景之下的规划应对策略。首先,从区域收缩(广义收缩)和城市收缩(狭义收缩)两个层面对现有人口收缩的空间模式进行概括,总结区域和城市在收缩与复兴过程中的形态演化规律,归纳区域衰退、中心区衰退、次中心衰退、居住用地空置、产业用地弃置五种形态类型特征。其次,基于国土空间总体规划的编制内容,从已见成效的城市复兴案例入手,分别归纳收缩期区域和城市层面的空间形态调整策略。最后,基于以上空间调整策略的梳理和总结,对国土空间总体规划下的空间形态优化策略进行探讨。

In the process of establishing the territorial spatial planning system,the territorial spatial master planning at the city level has been given the responsibility for securing the sustainable development of urban space,balancing the relationship between cities and regions,exploring good morphology for urban space,and optimizing the spatial structure of the existing urban layout.Considering the inevitable scenario of depopulation of some areas in the future,the urban shrinkage and revival in some regions could have a decisive impact on the spatial adjustment and structural optimization of the morphology at both city and regional scales.Therefore,based on the spatial changes of shrinking cities,this paper discusses the coping strategies of shrinking cities in the context of the territorial spatial master planning.First of all,this study summarizes the spatial patterns of the population shrinkage at the regional and urban scale,from which the morphological patterns in the regional/urban growth and shrinkage have been summarized.The spatial patterns of shrinking cities are summarized as five morphological characteristics which are city-level shrinking,shrinking in city center,shrinking in subcenter,idle residential areas,and abandoned industrial areas.Secondly,learning from the successful cases of urban redevelopment,this paper summarizes the spatial(re)development strategies at the regional and city level,with reference to the territorial spatial master plan.Finally,based on the strategies discussed above,the policy measurements for spatial adjustment and optimization in the territorial spatial planning are discussed.To sum up,this paper provides references for the optimization of spatial morphology through the analysis of spatial patterns in urban(regional)shrinking and reviving.