中国县域经济发展活力的区域格局

Spatial Pattern of Economic Development Vitality in China at the County Level

县域是城乡融合与乡村振兴的重要尺度单元,发展活力是透视社会经济发展状态的重要视角。文章融合国内外关于区域/社区发展活力指数的构建方法,从农业发展、工业发展、三产发展、财税收支、金融发展、公共服务等维度建立中国县域经济发展活力综合评价指标体系,并结合2015年全国分县数据进行实证研究,揭示当前我国县域经济发展活力的差异化格局特征、活力指数与反映贫困状况的多维发展指数的关系,建立经济发展活力的问题区域识别方法,识别活力指数相对较低的问题区域。研究表明:(1)我国县域经济发展的活力指数存在明显的区域差异性,东部沿海发达地区、中西部大城市周边地区、北方能矿资源富集地区相对较高;(2)贫困地区的活力明显低于非贫困地区,贫困县活力均值为全国平均水平的80.42%、非贫困县的70.95%,活力指数与多维贫困指数的相关系数为0.762(P<0.01);(3)共识别出综合活力低值区(47个,2.52%)、农业活力低值区(291个,15.58%)、涉农复合低值区(411个,22.00%)、非农涉工低值区(151个,8.08%)、三产引发低值区(57个,3.05%)以及财税金融低值区(251个,13.44%)等六类经济发展活力的问题区域,涉及1208个县域单元,占研究区数量的64.29%。鉴于活力指数的区域差异性和类型差异性,在实施乡村振兴战略过程中,应十分关注区域社会经济发展活力的差异特征,因地制宜、扬长补短,探索符合区域特点的县域发展模式和乡村振兴路径。

County is an important unit for promoting and realizing urban-rural integration and rural vitalization.Development vitality is an important perspective of social and economic development.This paper integrates the methods of regional/community development vitality index at home and abroad,and establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system of the economic development vitality in China at the county level from the dimensions of agricultural development,industrial development,development of tertiary industries,fiscal revenue and expenditure,financial development and public service.Based on the national county data in 2015,this paper reveals the spatial pattern of county economic development vitality,the relationship between vitality index and multi-dimensional development index reflecting poverty,establishes the identification method of problem regions on the economic development vitality,and identifies the problem regions with relatively low vitality index.The results show that:Firstly,there is an obvious regional difference in the index of economic development vitality in counties of China,and the coefficient of variation is 0.351.The counties with higher score of vitality are mainly located in the developed eastern coastal areas of China,the surrounding areas of central and western cities,and the northern areas rich in energy and mineral resources.Secondly,the economic development vitality in poverty-stricken areas is significantly lower than that in non-poverty-stricken areas,and the average development vitality of poverty-stricken counties is 80.42%of the national average and 70.95%of nonpoverty-stricken counties,respectively.The correlation coefficient between vitality index and multidimensional poverty index is 0.762(P<0.01).Thirdly,it identifies six types of problem areas with development vitality,namely,low value areas of comprehensive vitality(47,2.52%),low value areas of agricultural vitality(291,15.58%),low value areas for agriculturerelated performance(411,22.00%),low value areas for non-agricultural performance(151,8.08%),low value areas caused by tertiary production(57,3.05%),and low value areas for finance,taxation and finance(251,13.44%).The total number of problem counties is 1208,which accounted for 64.29%of the total number of study areas.In view of the regional differences and types of vitality index,in the process of implementation the rural vitalization strategy,more attention should be paid to the characteristics of the vitality of regional social and economic development,and thus explore the county development model and rural vitalization path in line with regional characteristics and the state of vitality.