基于社交大数据的敦煌旅游流多尺度时空分异特征

Multi-Scale Temporal and Spatial Differentiation Characteristics of Dunhuang Tourism Flow Based on Social Big Data

基于社交网络大数据,运用核密度函数、时间分层分析、气候综合舒适度(CCI)等空间、时间计量研究方法,借助ArcGIS软件进行大数据空间分析。以世界文化遗产地、国际旅游城市——敦煌为例,高分辨率揭示敦煌市旅游流多时间尺度分异规律和24 h旅游流分时段动态演化轨迹与特征。研究发现:(1)敦煌市旅游流年内变化呈现"单峰多山岭"的分布特征,"十一"黄金周期间旅游流呈井喷式增长,但随着假期的尾声和天气逐渐寒冷,客流量成断崖式下跌。(2)敦煌市年内客流量呈现显著的反季节性、规律性及相似性特征,客流量年内峰林结构在淡季、旺季交替转化的过程中形成。(3)周六、周日工作休闲制度并未对敦煌市周内旅游流的变化产生影响,敦煌市旅游流在24 h内的波动特征极为明显,日内变化规律呈"√"型。(4)敦煌市旅游流的空间分布呈现出"高集聚、多中心"的空间分异特征,空间不均衡性、空间收敛性与发散性突出。(5)敦煌市旅游流空间偏聚性特征显著,旅游发展的不均衡性较为突出,东线区域呈现较为高效的空间组织形态,而西线区域的旅游流空间结构形态呈割裂状。

Based on the social network big data and taking the world cultural heritage site and international tourism cityDunhuang-as research area,this article reveals the differentiation law of the tourism flow at the multi-time scale and analyzes its dynamic evolution trajectory and characteristics at the 24 h tourism flow period applying kernel density,time stratification analysis,climate comprehensive comfort(CCI).It is found that:(1)The change of tourism flow in Dunhuang City shows the distribution characteristics of"single-peak and multiple-mountain".The tourist flow shows the spurt growt on the National Day and the vertiginous drop at the end of the holiday and cold days.(2)The tourist flow in Dunhuang shows significant anti-seasonal,regularity and similarity characteristics during the year.The peak-flow structure was formed during the change ofthe off-season and peak season.(3)The tourism flow was not affected at the weekend.The fluctuation characteristics of the tourism flow within 24 hours were extremely obvious and presented the rapid decline at the beginning and then the slow growth.(4)The spatial distribution of tourism flow in Dunhuang City exhibits the characteristics of"high concentration,multi-center"spatial differentiation,spatial imbalance,and prominent spatial convergence and divergence.(5)The spatial segregation of tourism flow in Dunhuang is remarkable,and the imbalance of tourism development is partially prominent.Contrary to the western tour route,it presents a higher spatial structure in the eastern tour route.