中国边境地区旅游发展的空间格局及驱动机制

The Spatial Pattern and Driving Mechanism of Tourism Development in Border Regions of China

边境旅游作为次区域合作的重要内容之一,近年来引起了政府和学术界的极大关注。文章采用Theil指数、地统计分析、地理探测器等多种研究方法,测算旅游综合发展指数,同时探讨2005年以来中国陆地边境地区旅游业综合发展水平的时空格局及其驱动机制。研究表明:①边境旅游综合发展水平差异整体波动下降,呈现出先扩大后缩小,而后趋于平稳的收敛态势,东北、西北、西南三大片区内部差异大于片区间差异。②边境地区旅游发展综合指数整体呈上升趋势,西双版纳州对周边地区旅游发展的拉动作用明显,扩散效应在西南地区渐显。东北和西北地区的旅游综合发展相对缓慢,尚未形成稳定的旅游发展核心区域。③口岸的建设对边境地区整体的旅游发展具有明显的驱动作用,东北片区主要受交通基础设施的影响,而丰裕的旅游资源是西南和西北边境地区旅游得以发展的重要依托。第三产业增加值占比对边境旅游发展的整体影响相对最弱,需继续加大力度优化边境地区的产业结构。

As an important part of sub-regional cooperation,border tourism has attracted increasing attention from the Chinese government and academia.Based on the Theil index,geostatistics and GeoDetector,this study analyzed the spatial-temporal pattern of the comprehensive development level of tourism in border regions of China after 2005,and unravel its driving mechanism.The findings are as follows:1)The border tourism development level increases at first and then decreases,tends to be stable at last,it,on the whole,shows a fluctuating downward trend.The internal differences of the three border regions of China(i.e.the northeastern border region,northwestern border region,and southwestern border region)are bigger than the inter-regional differences among them.2)The comprehensive index of tourism development in the border areas shows an overall upward trend.Xishuangbanna plays a important role in the development of tourism in the surrounding areas,and diffusion-effect is gradually emerging in the southwestern border region.In contrast,the comprehensive development of tourism in the northeastern and northwestern border regions is relativity slow and has not formed a stable core region of tourism development.3)The construction of border ports plays a significant role in the overall tourism development in border areas.Tourism development in the northeastern border region is mainly affected by transport infrastructure,whereas that in the southwestern and northwestern border regions are mainly supported by their abundant tourism resources.The added value of the tertiary industry has the weakest impact on the development of border tourism,and there is a need to continue to optimize the industrial structure of China’s borderlands.