电子商务背景下快递企业物流网络结构及自组织效应——以中通快递为例

Logistics Network Structure of Express Delivery Companies and Their Self-Organization Effect Under the Background of E-commerce:Taking ZTO Express as an Example

为探究电子商务纵深推进背景下快递企业物流网络的宏观格局及微观机制,文章基于"双十一"期间的中通快递流通数据分析多尺度视角下省—市—县三种层级快递物流网络的空间格局、网络结构和网络自组织效应,得到以下结论:①快递流量分布格局由省域尺度的块状分布格局,向市域的多核心及极核溢出的聚集式分布转变,再向县域尺度的一核多极空间形态转变。不同尺度下的网络结构异质性明显,具有一定尺度效应。②电商快递有效削弱区域联系格局中的地理约束,强化沿海区域与欠发达地区的物质输送联系,而且快递物流网络格局反映电商产业供给侧集聚—消费需求侧离散的空间特征。③网络联结紧密度呈省—市—县梯度下降。快递物流网络尺度越小,交互性较强的模体结构出现的频率越低,而发散型模体结构的主导地位越强。④互惠性、扩张性、传递性、中介性以及闭合性等多种网络自组织效应推动快递物流网络结构复杂化。

In order to study the macro pattern and micro mechanism of logistics network of express delivery enterprise under the background of e-commerce.This paper analyzes the spatial pattern,network structure and network selforganization effect of express logistics network based on the data of ZTO Express circulation during the period of"Double Eleven",and draws the following conclusions:1)The distribution pattern of express flow changes and expriences three stages in order as follows:the block-distribution pattern at the provincial level,the aggregation-distribution with multi-core and polar spillover at the municipal level,the spatial pattern of one-core and multi-polar at the prefectural level.The network structure heterogeneity under different scales is obvious,and has scale effect.2)E-commerce express has effectively weakened the geographical constraints in the regional connection pattern,and strengthened the material transportation connection between coastal regions and underdeveloped regions.Moreover,the express logistics network pattern reflects the spatial characteristics of the supply-side agglomeration of e-commerce industry and the dispersion distribution of the demand-side.3)The tightness degree of network connection exhibits the gradient descent from the provincial level to the prefectural level.The smaller the scale of the express logistics network,the lower the frequency of strong-interaction Motif structure and the stronger the dominant position of divergent Motif structure.4)Various network self-organization effects,such as reciprocity,expansion,transmission,intermediary and closure,have promoted the complexity of the express logistics network structure.