中国海岛县基本公共服务均等化时空特征及其演化机理

Spatio-Temporal Characteristics and Evolution Mechanism for the Equalization of Basic Public Service in Island Counties of China

海岛县基本公共服务均等化是人居海岛可持续发展的基本保障,对促进海洋经济高质量发展及实现海洋强国战略具有重要现实意义。文章通过构建评价指标体系,运用组合权重和集对分析法对2008—2017年中国12个海岛县基本公共服务均等化水平时空演化格局、子系统发展态势及陆域—海岛差异进行研究,并结合固定效应模型探究其时空格局的影响因素和演化机理。结果表明:①时间序列上,海岛县基本公共服务均等化水平整体提升,县区间差异趋于缩小。空间分布上,总体呈现由低水平不均衡格局向高水平均衡格局演进的趋势,南北差异分界明显,省域经济影响深。受地方政府决策影响,子系统服务之间发展失衡,教育、医疗低水平区域"追赶效应"明显,社会保障地区差距仍旧悬殊,且优劣势"区域化"特征突出。陆海统筹背景下,海岛县基本公共服务发展劣于陆域地区的非均等问题仍有待破解。②地区经济发展水平、财政支出能力、海陆开发空间、人口规模与分散程度等影响因素通过内在基础、外部环境以及基本公共服务供需两侧四个方面,共同作用于海岛县基本公共服务均等化水平时空演化。在海洋经济高质量发展进程中,推动基本公共服务与经济、生态协同发展,可有效促进人居海岛可持续开发。

As the basic guarantee for the sustainable development of human settlement in islands counties,the equalization of basic public service is of great significance for promoting high-quality development of the marine economy and realization of maritime power strategy in China.Based on the evaluation index system,this paper analyzes the spatialtemporal evolution,subsystem development trend and the land-island difference of the equalization of basic public service in 12 island counties of China during 2008 and 2017 with the method of combination weights and set-pair analysis,and conducts research on influencing factors and evolution mechanism by using fixed effect model.Results show that:1)From the time series,the equalization level of basic public service in island counties has been improved as a whole,and the gap between counties turns narrow.On the aspect of the spatial distribution,it experiences the evolution from the lowlevel imbalance to the high-level equilibrium and shows obvious discrepancy between the south and the north,which provincial economic has the profound impact on.Affected by local government policy,there is a large imbalance among subsystem services,it presents the"catch-up effect"in low-level areas of education and medical care and has wide regional disparity and advantage-disadvantage in the areas with social security.Under the background of overall planning development of land and sea in China,the unequal development of basic public services in island counties is inferior to that in land areas,which still needs to be solved.2)Influences such as the level of regional economic,the capacity of financial expenditure,the space development of land and sea,the distribution and dispersion of population,act on the spatial-temporal evolution of the equalization level of basic public service in island counties through four aspects:internal basis,external environment and both sides of the supply and demand of basic public service.In the process of high-quality development of the marine economy,it’s effective to form the sustainable development of human settlement islands with the implementation of the coordinated development between basic public service and economic and ecological development.