经济外部性对中国保险业空间集聚的影响

Impact of Economic Externality on the Spatial Agglomeration of China’s Insurance Industry

保险业是城市经济和社会稳定发展的基本工具和重要途径,作为保险业发展的基本空间单元,不同城市发展保险业的动力机制和模式选择存在差异。文章采用2006—2016年地级以上城市的保险业数据分析中国保险业发展的空间集聚特征并从经济外部性视角分析其驱动机制。研究发现:①中国保险业规模快速增长,样本期内,保费收入年均增长高达18.56%;城市间保险业发展的相对差异和集聚水平呈现下降趋势;②中国保险业具有显著的非均衡性特征,热点城市主要分布在胡焕庸线以东,相对优势地区为东部城市群、中心城市和东北与西北地区的部分城市,京津冀、长三角和珠三角城市群呈现高—高集聚模式;③经济外部性影响中国保险业空间集聚发展,制度外部性、市场外部性和技术外部性对保险业具有不同程度影响,其中,制度外部性影响最为显著;④城市所处区域、城市等级和城市规模对经济外部性影响保险业发展具有调节作用。

The insurance industry is an important way and the basic means of urban economic and social development.As the fundamental spatial unit of the development of the insurance industry,cities own different development mechanism in insurance industry.Using the insurance industry and economic development data of the administrative units above the prefecture level from 2006 to 2016,the paper analyzes the spatial pattern of China’s insurance industry development and analyzes its driving mechanism from the perspective of economic externalities.It is found that:1)The scale of China’s insurance industry grows rapidly,with the average annual growth rate of insurance income as high as 18.56%,it shows a downward trend on the relative difference and the agglomeration level of the development of inter-city insurance industry.2)China’s insurance industry has significant non-equilibrium characteristics.The hotspot cities are mainly distributed in the eastern region.The comparatively advantageous regions are the eastern urban agglomerations,central cities and some cities in the northeast and northwest regions.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations present a high-high agglomeration mode.3)Economic externality affects the development of China’s insurance industry.Institutional externality,market externality and technological externality have different degrees of impact on insurance industry.For the agglomeration of overall insurance industry,the impact of institutional externality is the most significant.4)Urban location,urban levels and urban scales have a regulatory effect on the impact of economic externality on the development of insurance industry.The conclusions of the study have reference value for understanding the spatial development characteristics of the insurance industry from the urban level and the mode choice of development of the insurance industry in different types of cities.