近30年来长株潭地区农作物种植结构演变及优化对策

Temporal and Spatial Evolution and Optimized Countermeasure of Crop Planting Structure in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan Area in Recent 30 Years

综合运用空间集聚分析、时序变化分析等方法,结合GIS技术从种植结构类型以及种植比例变化两个方面对近30年来长株潭地区农作物种植结构的时空变化过程、格局与调控路径进行了研究。结果表明:①共出现12种农作物种植结构类型,且有22个县市区转变了农作物种植结构类型,区域种植结构类型丰富度呈波动上升趋势,由单一的双水稻型向多元化的作物种植结构转变。②种植比例变化较大,双季水稻种植比例降幅最大,而蔬菜的种植比例增幅最大。1987年共有3种作物存在显著的HH集聚特征,其中双季水稻、油料出现了高值聚集区的连片分布;而2016年共有4种作物存在HH集聚特征,其中双季水稻、油料、蔬菜出现了高值聚集区的连片分布。文章认为,长株潭地区未来可通过减少单一型增加组合类型,实现组合型内部元素多样化,在保证水稻种植面积的前提下提升带有地方特色的作物种植比例等方面进行调整与优化。

With the methods of spatial clustering analysis and time series analysis,combined with GIS technology,the study aims to analyze the spatio-temporal changes and regulation pathway of crop planting structures in the ChangshaZhuzhou-Xiangtan area in the past three decades in terms of planting structure types and the changes of planting proportions.The result shows that:1)a total of 12 types of crop planting structures emerged from 1987 to 2016,and the type of planting structure changed in a total of 22 districts,which means that the abundance of regional planting structure type has been on the rise and the crop planting structure has diversified from a single type of double-season rice into a pluralistic structure.2)In the past 30 years,the proportion of crop planting has changed greatly.The proportion of doubleseason rice declined the most while the proportion of vegetables increased the most.In 1987 there were altogether 3 types of crop whose planting ratio is of significant HH agglomeration characteristics.Among them,the double-season rice and the oil-bearing crop exhibited contiguous distribution of HH accumulation zones;in 2016,there were a total of 4 crops in the region showing HH agglomeration characteristics.Among them,the double-season rice,oil-bearing crop,and vegetables exhibited contiguous distribution of HH accumulation zones.This paper suggests that realizing the diversification of the internal elements of the combined planting types,it is advisable to reduce the single planting structure type and appropriately increase the types of combined planting structure so that,under the premise of ensuring the rice planting area,the proportion of crop planting with local characteristics can be improved.