喀斯特高原山地区农民工回流与县域城镇化——以贵州省织金县为例

The Backflow of Rural Migrant Workers and the Urban-Townization of County:Taking Zhijin County of Guizhou Province as A Case Study

选取城镇化速度较快、从国家级贫困县一跃而成黔中经济强县、具代表性的贵州省织金县为案例地,基于人口和土地两个方面的5年间城镇化数据,从村—镇—县三级地域研究回流农民工对喀斯特高原山地区县域城镇化过程的影响,得到以下结论:①回流农民工是县域城镇化的主体,现阶段具有回城回镇难回村的特点,且存在诸如"中青离家老后回"等第一代农民工群体性特征。②回流农民工对县域城镇化过程有积极的影响,表现为县城大城区和乡镇小镇区的空间外溢效应以及不同乡镇的差异性空间效应,充分反映贵州山地特色城镇化过程,是喀斯特高原山地区县域回流农民工的就地就近城镇化。③行政驱动型、交通驱动型和产业驱动型是喀斯特高原山地区农民工回流与县域城镇化空间效应的三种外溢模式。

County governance,everywhere harmony.This study takes Zhijin county of Guizhou as a case study,which has a rapid urbanization speed and has become one of the top 100 counties in China from a national-level povertystricken county.Based on the five-year urbanization data from the two aspects of population and land,this paper studies the impact of returning migrant workers on the urban-townization process of counties in the karst plateau mountain region from the three levels of village-township-county,and draws the following conclusions:1)Returning rural migrant workers are the main part of county urban-townization.At the present stage,it is difficult to return to the villages,and there are some group characteristics of the first generation of migrant workers,such as’Young men leave home and do not return until they are old’.2)Returning rural migrant workers have a positive impact on the process of urban-townization in the county,which is manifested in the spatial spillover effect in the big city of the county and in the towns,as well as the different spatial effects,fully reflecting the process of characteristic urban-townization in mountainous areas of Guizhou,it is the local and nearby urbanization of returning migrant workers in counties of mountainous areas on the karst plateau.3)Administration-driven modes,transport-driven modes and industrial-driven modes are the three spillover modes of rural migrant workers’backflow in the karst plateau and the spatial effect of urban-townization in counties.