全球航线数据下世界城市网络的连接性特征与社团识别

Connectivity Characteristics and Communities Identification of World City Network Based on Global Airline

由节点(航空港)和连接线(航线)所构成的航空网络代表了城市间的空间可达性和连通度,对于刻画区域尺度的空间关系有重要意义。采用2016年全球航空网络数据,文章尝试利用复杂网络模型分析世界城市网络的连接性特征并进行社团识别,以期能加深世界城市网络等级体系与结构的理解,并为其提供新的研究思路与方法。研究表明,基于航空网络的世界城市网络形态表现出明显的层级性特征,高层级城市高度集聚在西欧、北美和东亚地区。地理位置优越和具有重要航空中转能力的城市,如莫斯科、迪拜、安克雷奇等城市的位序相对较高。通过社区挖掘算法识别出13个"社团内部紧密联系,社团间的联系较少"的社团,包括8个大型社团和5个小型社团,其中8个大型社团基本覆盖了全球。结果表明,虽然绝大部分国家整体上属于同一社团,但8个大型社团界线明显超越了国家界线。航空网络是城市联系的重要测度指标,且文章研究城市几乎覆盖了全球所有城市,而非早期研究仅选主要城市作为案例而忽略了主要城市与非主要城市之间的联系,因而能更全面刻画世界城市联系格局和网络结构特征。

The aviation network composed of nodes(airports)and links(airlines)represents the spatial accessibility and connectivity of cities,which is of great significance in describing spatial relationships in regional scale.Using the global aviation network data in 2016,this paper attempts to use the complex network model to analyze the connectivity characteristics and community identification of the world city network,aiming to deepen the understanding for the research of hierarchical system and structure of the world city network and provide the new research perspective for extant research.It’s shown that:firstly,the pattern of world urban network based on the aviation network has obvious hierarchical characteristics and high-level cities are highly concentrated in Western Europe,North America and East Asia.The cities with superior geographical location and important aviation transit ability,such as Moscow,Dubai,Anchorage and other cities,have relatively higher ranks.Then,13 communities with the characteristic of that"closely linked within community and less connected among communities",including the 8 large communities basically covering the whole world and 5 small ones,are identified using the community mining algorithm.Although most countries belong to the same community as a whole,the boundary of nearly all 8 large communities has clearly surpassed the national boundary.Aviation network is an important measure index of the urban linkage.Cities studied in this paper cover almost all the cities in the world,rather than just the major cities which would lead to neglect the linkages between major cities with non-major cities as in the earlier study.Therefore,it is possible to describe the global urban linkage pattern and network structure more comprehensively.