哈尔乌素露天煤矿破碎站煤尘性质及分布特征

Properties and distribution characteristics of coal dust in crushing station of Harusu open-pit Coal mine

针对破碎站除尘技术中煤尘性质进行研究。以哈尔乌素露天煤矿大型半固定式3#破碎站的煤尘为研究对象,分析不同采样点粉尘样品的浓度、粒度、含水率、黏结性等物化特性。同时,探究了卸载物料水分、卸料高度和受料坑形状等因素对粉尘浓度的影响。结果表明,粉尘主要源自卸料过程,检测点的粉尘呈弱若亲水性。卸载物料的水分含量和卸料高度是煤尘浓度的关键因素,二者对煤尘产生机理的影响具有不同的物理本质。卸载物料的水分含量高时,粒子间的黏附力增加,从而减少了煤尘的生成和扩散;而卸料高度的增加则会加剧物料的撞击和摩擦,进一步增强煤尘的产生;一字型卸料斗所产生的粉尘浓度高于V型卸料斗。本研究为煤矿除尘装置效率提高提供了有益的参考和指导。

In this paper,the property of coal dust,an important basic problem in dust removal technology of crushing station,is studied.Based on the coal dust from the large semi-fixed 3#crushing station in Harusu open-pit Coal Mine,the physical and chemical characteristics of the dust samples at different sampling points,such as concentration,particle size,moisture content and cohesiveness,were analyzed.At the same time,the influence of unloading material moisture,unloading height and the shape of the pit on the dust concentration was investigated.The results show that the dust mainly originates from the discharge process,and the dust at the detection point is weak and hydrophilic.The moisture content of the discharged material and the discharge height are the key factors of the coal dust concentration,and the influence of the two on the coal dust generation mechanism has different physical nature.When the moisture content of unloaded materials is high,the adhesion between particles increases,thus reducing the generation and diffusion of coal dust.The increase of unloading height will intensify the impact and friction of materials,and further enhance the generation of coal dust.The dust concentration produced by the vertical discharge hopper is higher than that of the V-type discharge hopper.This study provides useful reference and guidance for improving the efficiency of coal mine dust removal device.