桥梁基础工程2020年度研究进展

State-of-the-art review of the bridge foundation engineering in 2020

桥梁基础的作用是将来自桥梁墩台的荷载平稳地传给地基,它是连接桥梁结构和大地持力层的基本结构。与其他建筑物的基础不同,桥梁基础承受上部结构传来的动荷载,通常位于水中或深水激流中,并且有庞大的体型和自重。由此带来的设计、施工和运营维护问题构成了桥梁基础工程领域独特的研究课题,尤其在各种跨海、跨江、跨不良地质区域的桥梁建设中,基础工程的问题尤为突出。本文以国内外桥梁基础工程领域的科研成果为主要依据,总结和评述近一年来在桥梁基础结构形式、基础冲刷、基础施工和基础抗震方面的研究进展,分析和讨论目前桥梁基础工程领域存在的问题,以期指出未来的研究方向和亟待开展研究的课题。分析表明,桥梁基础工程领域的研究应重视以下几个方面:近海岸深水复杂基础的水沙作用理论和输沙机理;适合我国深海地质特点的新型深水基础结构;大型沉井基础下沉和着床关键技术;以及地震作用下的土-基础-结构三者动力相互作用。

The foundation of a bridge is an essential structural part linking the bridge with the ground,and its function is to transmit the loads smoothly from piers and abutments to the supporting strata.Unlike foundations of other civil structures,the foundations of bridges are subjected to dynamic loads coming from the superstructures,usually located in water or even deep water and torrents,and have large volumes and self-weights.Consequently,there are special issues related to the design,construction,and maintenance of bridge foundations need to be addressed,especially those relevant to the bridges crossing wide rivers,deep seawaters,and poor geological terrains.Based on the published journal articles and reports,this paper reviews the progresses in the research and development of bridge foundation types,foundation scour,foundation construction,and seismic resistance of foundations.Existing issues in the research and development of bridge foundations are discussed and the following topics are suggested for future studies:water-sediment interaction theory and mechanisms of sediment transport for scour at deep water foundations;advanced deep-water foundation structures suitable for China’s sea bedrock;key techniques for positioning and setting of large caisson foundations;and dynamic soil-foundation-structure interaction under earthquake.