桥梁抗爆与抗火2020年度研究进展

State-of-the-art review of explosion and fire resistance of bridges in 2020

近年来能源交换的需求量随各区域经济的飞速发展而不断增大,装载运输"燃、汽、爆、化"的危化品车辆日益增加,由车辆导致的爆炸或火灾层出不穷,桥梁结构的运营安全受到严重威胁。作为桥梁防灾的热点问题,学者们在桥梁抗爆与抗火领域进行了卓有成效的研究,现以2020年发表的中英文论文为主,对国内外学者在爆炸冲击荷载试验与数值模拟方法、桥梁火灾试验与模拟技术、桥梁抗爆性能及劣化机理、火灾下桥梁损伤机理与安全评估、桥梁抗爆安全评估方法、过火后桥梁性能演化与灾变机制等方面所取得的研究成果进行扼要综述,通过系统分析表明:爆炸试验技术与结构高应变率下的力学特性研究、复杂火灾环境下桥梁结构断面温度传递与分布规律、多灾耦合作用下桥梁结构的损伤演化、灾变机制和桥梁结构安全评估体系等方面的研究欠缺。为保证桥梁结构在全寿命周期内的服役安全,爆炸、火灾等极端荷载条件下的结构特性和运维安全是当前构建桥梁运维安全保障体系中的重中之重。

The demand for energy exchange increases as the rapid development of regional economy,and the number of vehicles loading and transporting"burning,vapour,explosion and chemical"dangerous chemicals is increasing.The structural safety of bridge in-service is seriously threatened due to the explosion and fire caused by the vehicles emerge in an endless stream.As a hot topic in the field of bridge disaster prevention,scholars have made fruitful research in the field of bridge explosion and fire resistance.Based on the publications in 2020,this paper briefly summarizes the research results at the present stage.This paper focuses on the explosion impact load test and numerical simulation method,bridge fire test and simulation technology,bridge anti-explosion performance and deterioration mechanism,bridge damage mechanism and safety assessment under fire,bridge anti-explosion safety assessment method,bridge performance evolution and disaster mechanism after overfire.The explosion test technology at present through the analysis of the system and research the mechanics characteristics of structure under high strain rate,complicated fire environment temperature transmission and distribution,coupled damage evolution of the bridge subjected on multi-disasters,disaster mechanism and bridge structure safety assessment system are of lack and urgent need.In order to ensure the service safety of bridge structure in the whole life cycle,the structural characteristics and operation and maintenance safety under extreme load conditions such as explosion and fire have been is of primary importance in the operation and maintenance of bridge.