桥梁养护2020年度研究进展

State-of-the-art review of bridge maintenance in 2020

桥梁养护的目的是保持桥梁正常交通功能,满足载重、速度等要求,防止突发重大灾害。桥梁养护具有长期性、局部性、应急性特点。目前有专门的桥梁养护机构,已经形成桥梁日常检查、定期检测、专项检测、特殊检测、维修加固等制度和规范,养护内容和重点已经明确规定和执行,养护技术能够满足大部分需求。目前面临的突出问题是如何实现快速养护和应急整治。高速铁路和城市轨道交通不间断运营、高密度行车、行车期间禁止施工,只能利用每天凌晨约0~4点天窗时间养护维修,每天4点后必须开通线路。高速公路也要求不断道的养护维修。突发灾害发生后,需要应急整治和维持通车。铁路系统的养护体制,更容易收集数据和实现数据标准化。桥梁养护正在往快速养护和智慧养护方向发展。笔者从病害及整治、养护策略、养护新技术3个方面主要介绍2020年桥梁养护研究进展。

The purpose of bridge maintenance is to maintain the normal traffic function of the bridge,to meet the requirements of load,speed and other factors,and to prevent sudden and serious disasters.Bridge maintenance has the characteristics of long-term,local and emergency.At present,there are special bridge maintenance institutions which have formed systems and specifications for daily inspection,regular inspection,special inspection,special inspection,maintenance and reinforcement of bridges.The maintenance contents and key points have been clearly defined and implemented,and the maintenance technology can meet most of the requirements.At present,the outstanding problem is how to achieve rapid maintenance and emergency treatment.High speed railway and urban rail transit are in uninterrupted operation,high-density traffic,and construction is prohibited during traffic.They can only use the skylight time of 0~4 a.m.every day for maintenance,and the line must be opened after 4 a.m.every day.Highway also requires continuous maintenance.After the occurrence of sudden disasters,it needs emergency treatment and maintenance.The maintenance system of railway system makes it easier to collect data and realize data standardization.Bridge maintenance is developing in the direction of rapid maintenance and intelligent maintenance.This paper mainly introduces the research progress of bridge maintenance in 2020 from three aspects:disease and treatment,maintenance strategy and new maintenance technology.