汇率变动对中国制造业进出口技术复杂度的影响分析

Fluctuations in Exchange Rates,and its Relationship with Chinese Manufacturing Import and Export Technical Complexity

文章基于工业企业数据和海关贸易数据探究实际有效汇率变动对中国制造业企业进出口技术复杂度的影响。研究发现,汇率上升对中国制造业企业的出口技术复杂度有促进作用,对进口技术复杂度有抑制作用。从影响机制上分析,人民币升值通过"种类效应""创新效应"和"资本效应"提高中国制造业企业出口技术复杂度,并通过"种类效应"以及"竞争效应"降低中国制造业企业进口技术复杂度。进一步的异质性检验发现,一般贸易企业、非国有控股企业和东部企业的进出口技术复杂度对汇率变动敏感,国有控股企业和中西部企业的进出口技术复杂度对汇率变动不敏感,而加工贸易企业的进口技术复杂度对汇率变动敏感,出口技术复杂度对汇率变动不敏感。

Based on China’s manufacturing enterprises’data and customs import-export data,we have investigated the influence of exchange rate movement on the technical complexity of Chinese manufacturing import and export.The empirical results show that,fluctuations in exchange rates have significantly promoted Chinese manufacturing firms’export technical complexity and inhibited Chinese manufacturing firms’import technical complexity.General-trade-mode enterprises are sensitive to fluctuations in exchange rate.Import technical complexity of processing-trade-mode enterprises is sensitive to fluctuations in exchange rate,while export technical complexity is not.Technical complexity on non-state-owned enterprises is sensitive to fluctuations in exchange rate,while state-owned enterprises are not.Technical complexity of enterprises from eastern China is sensitive to fluctuations in exchange rate,while enterprises from midwestern part are not.