终极无为宇宙图景中的生活意义问题——梁漱溟哲学中的宇宙与人生

On the Meaning of Life in the Universe of Ultimate "Doing Nothing"——The Universe and Life in Liang Shuming’s Philosophy

梁漱溟将文化视为民族生活的样法,而生活则是事的无尽相续,是活动与过程,而不是实体。生活被视为意欲推动的向上奋进,生活意义不能从目的论进路加以建构,而在于当下的创造,即对现成性的突破。这意味着从已成之我与昨日世界走向未成之我与新的可能世界,是"生"机、"活"力显现的过程;至于将宇宙人生作为一个整体而寻找其目的以确立意义的做法恰恰规避了当下的创造,反而滋生生活的意义之惑。"生活"作为一种向上的创造,其动力在《东西文化及其哲学》时期被系于意欲,但1950年代以后则被系于理性。理性不同于注重分别的理智,而是在生命要素(如知-情-意、理智-情感等)的平衡力与统一力。理性才是生命之所以具有活力、人之所以能够创造文化宇宙的根本。在以"上帝之死"为背景的虚无时代,如何建构生活意义已成为现代人最大的"生存之惑",而梁漱溟的哲学则为解决这一问题提供了某种来自中国文化的思路。

Liang Shuming regarded culture as a model of national life-style,and life as the endlesscontinuation of things.Life is an activity and a process instead of an entity.Life is seen as anupward advancement driven by desire.The meaning of life cannot be constructed from ateleologicalapproach,but lies in the creation of the current moment,that is,a breakthrough in the ready-made,which means moving from the ready-made self and the world of yesterday to the unmade self andthe new world of possibility.This process is the process of"liveliness"and"vitality";considering theuniverse and life as a whole and finding its purpose to define the meaning just circumvent thecreation of the current moment,and cause confusion about the meaning of life."Life"is the upwardcreation,and its motivation was tied to desire during the writing of Eastern and Western Culture and Philosophy,but after the 1950 s it was tied to rationality.Rationality,different from sense thatemphasizes distinction,emphasizes the balance and unity of essential elements in life such asknowledge,sense and sensibility.It is rationality thatis the fundamental reason why life is vigorousand human beings can create the universe ofcultures.In the era of nihilism with"God is dead"asthe background,how to construct the meaning of life has become the biggest"dilemma of existence"for modern people,but Liang Shuming’s philosophy provides a certain way of thinking from Chineseculture to solve this problem.