湖北松滋关洲遗址城背溪文化遗存发掘简报

Brief Report of Excavation of the Chengbeixi Culture Remains at Guanzhou Site in Songzi City, Hubei Province

关洲遗址是目前发现的城背溪文化面积最大、保存最好的遗址。城背溪文化遗存主要有红烧土遗迹、灰坑、陶片堆积、鱼骨堆积等,说明在距今8500年左右的新石器时代早中期,江汉平原长江沿岸已经出现了比较稳定的较大规模的定居聚落。遗址可分为四期,第一、二期为城背溪文化中期,与彭头山文化第四期关系密切;第三期为城背溪文化晚期,大致相当于皂市下层文化;第四期属于柳林溪文化遗存。关洲遗址的发掘,大大丰富了我们对城背溪文化的认识,为研究长江中游史前文化格局的形成与演变提供了至关重要的资料。其深达近10米的文化层堆积,为我们研究全新世环境演变以及长江洪水史、河床演化提供了非常宝贵的资料。

The Guanzhou site has remained the largest and best-preserved site of the Chengbeixi culture so far.Remains of the Chengbeixi culture at the site have mainly included red burnt soil clods,ash pits,pottery sherds,and deposit of fish bones,revealing that year-round,large-sized settlements had been well established on banks of the Yangtze River in the Jianghan Plain some 8500 years ago(back in the Early to Middle Neolithic).The site was occupied in four periods:PeriodsⅠandⅡcorresponding to the Middle Chengbeixi and culturally related to PhaseⅣof the Pengtoushan culture;PeriodⅢbeing the Late Chengbeixi,which was about contemporaneous with the Lower Zaosi;and PeriodⅣcharacterized by the Liulinxi culture remains.The excavation of the Guanzhou site greatly enhances our knowledge of the Chengbeixi culture and provides significant new materials for understanding the formation and development of Neolithic cultures in the Middle Yangtze River valley.The up to 10-meter-deep cultural deposit at the site also serves as valuable source materials for understanding Holocene environmental changes,the Yangtze River floods,and river bank evolution.