流动人口社会支持状况研究

Research on the Social Support Situation of Floating Population

社会支持对流动人口适应社会、融入社会都有非常重要的作用。本文从政府支持、就业支持、生活服务支持、社会交往支持、情感支持五个方面入手,对新疆地区的2123名流动人口进行了调查。结果表明:政府对流动人口的支持力度较大,特别是在就业方面较为突出;流动人口的社会交往表现出了高同质性、低异质性、社会交往"内卷化"的特点;在情感支持方面表现出强关系的特点。建议加大流出地与流入地政府的合作力度、培训力度,提升流动人口的就业竞争力,并在此基础上增加流动人口社会交往的机会,扩大其社会资本,为其适应、融入社会奠定基础。

Social support plays a very important role in floating population adapting to and integrating into society.This research started from five aspects:government support,employment support,life service support,social communication support,and emotional support,and conducted a survey among 2123 floating population in Xinjiang.The results show that the government gives greater support to the migrant population,especially in terms of employment;the social interaction of the migrant population shows the characteristics of high homogeneity,low heterogeneity,and"involution"of social interaction;Emotional support features by strong relationships.It is recommended to increase the intensity of cooperation and training between the governments of the outflow and inflow regions,enhance the employment competitiveness of the floating population,and increase the opportunities for the floating population to socialize on this basis,expand their social capital,and lay a foundation for their adaptation and integration into society.