协作式生态更新——采用适应性工具包重塑生态基础设施并以北京市实践为例

Collaborative Ecological Regeneration——An Adaptable Toolkit for Reviving Ecological Infrastructures With Case Study on Beijing’s Practices

在全球可持续生态城市建设浪潮中,北京以“和谐宜居之都”为目标,基于生态安全格局制定《北京城市总体规划(2016—2035)》,并在中心城区实施了一系列生态基础设施改造项目。本研究基于生态都市主义理论,指出这些城市更新实践是联系城市绿色愿景与个人日常行为的关键。本文构建了一个包含环境生态、社会生态和心理生态三个维度的理论框架,并设定了生态更新实践的三重评价要点:修复生态基础设施、激活社区、重建社会-环境共生关系。本文据此评估北京首钢工业遗址公园项目的城市更新过程,发现其中有机会构建景观与公众参与活动、市民环保行动的关联。本文提出改进的实践模式——“协作式生态更新”,强调结合中尺度景观更新与市民参与,并提供包含三个维度上设计策略的适应性工具包,在修复中小尺度生态基础设施的同时,可形成包容性社会协作平台并提升个人环境意识。其中的关键工具“城市原型”既能联系不同维度上的策略,又可将实践经验概念化,进而应用于构建新策略。作为示范,本文将之应用于北京中心城区实践,展示出这种新的实践模式的开放式城市更新过程,在适应不同城市条件与利益相关者需求的过程中形成新的城市原型,可有助于逐步构建北京的绿色未来。

In the background of developing sustainable cities worldwide,Beijing aims at“a harmonious and livable city”with Master Plan of Beijing(2016–2035)based on Ecological Security Patterns and a series of renewal projects on ecological infrastructure in the central city.Based on Ecological Urbanism,this study pointed out such practices can help link this green vision to individuals’actions.The theoretical lens consists of environmental,social and mental ecology,and provides triad indicators for regenerative ecological practices—restore ecological infrastructure,revive neighborhoods,rebuild socialenvironmental bond.Critical evaluation of an exemplar—Shougang Industry Services Park project revealed gaps on relating landscape with users’engagement and individuals’everyday actions.An evolved practice model—“collaborative ecological regeneration”was proposed,to integrate intermediary landscapes transformation with participation.It is supported by an adaptable toolkit including strategies on three aspects to care for EI components,form inclusive social collaboration and raise environmental awareness.The key tool“Urban Prototypes”can connect tactics across layers,conceptualize previous practices,and link to future ones,with proposed application to Beijing inner-city practices setting a few examples.This new mode indicates an open-ended regeneration process,while Urban Prototypes could be adapted to urban dynamics and stakeholders’desires.