基于多元利益群体支付意愿的国家公园景观资源价值货币化核算评估

Monetized Evaluation of Landscape Resources of National Parks Based on the Willingness to Pay of Multiple Interest Groups

国家公园是我国自然景观最独特的国土空间之一。科学评估景观资源价值对于实现国家公园原真性与完整性的保护具有重要作用。本文以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例,采用条件价值法,通过调研内部群体(社区居民与管理人员)和外部群体(外来游客)对假想市场项目的支付意愿,对该国家公园景观资源价值进行货币化核算评估,并在此基础上采用Logistic回归模型分析影响景观资源价值的关键因素。结果显示,外部群体支付率高于内部群体,且不同特征的人群具有不同的支付率。改善生态环境是不同群体愿意为假想市场项目进行支付的主要原因,但拒绝支付的原因存在明显差异,自身收入低是导致内部群体拒绝支付的主要原因,认为假想市场项目应由财政支付是外部群体拒绝支付的主要原因。研究区域景观资源价值为1.35亿元,其中,外部价值明显高于内部价值,而态度因素比人口和环境因素对景观资源价值的影响更大。国家公园景观资源价值受到多元利益群体的认知、诉求和利益驱动的影响,研究建议加快构建标准化核算评估技术体系,为中国的国家公园体系建设提供支撑。

In China,national parks represent the country’s most unique natural landscapes.Scientific evaluation of landscape resources is significant for preserving the authenticity and integrity of national parks.Taking Qianjiangyuan National Park System Pilot Zone as an example,this research investigated the willingness of internal group(residents and administrative staff)and external group(tourists)to pay for a hypothetical market project based on the pilot zone via Contingent Valuation Method to acquire the monetized value of landscape resources in the national park,and applied Logistic Regression to analyze the influencing factors.The results show that the payment rate of external group is higher than that of internal group,and people with different demographics have different payment rates.Both internal and external groups are willing to pay to improve ecological environment,but there are significant differences on reasons for refusal—having a low income is the main reason for the internal group,and the external respondents refuse mainly because of the belief that the payment is owed to government finance.The total monetized value of the research area is 135 million yuan,of which the external value is much higher than internal value.The attitude factors influence landscape resource value more significantly than demographic and environmental factors.The assessment of landscape resource value of national parks is affected by perceptions and demands of multiple interest groups.This research suggests accelerating the construction of a standardized assessment technical system to support the establishment of national park system in China.