“输入型”城市形态在中国东北地区的本土化演变:以大连市环形-放射状空间为例

The Localization of “Imported” Urban Form in Northeast China: The Case Study on Circular–Radial Space in Dalian City

历史上源自外来文化的“输入型”城市空间形态在被“移植”至中国城市后,由于文化根基缺失,易与现代主流城市建设脱节,其当代价值与城市更新潜力备受质疑。本研究以街区尺度下源于巴洛克城市的“环形-放射状空间为例,以厘清其引入中国东北地区城市的背景与动因,并以大连市为例,明晰其移植后在形式与功能上的适应性变化,继而提出城市更新建议。研究发现,各种几何形式环形-放射状空间的引入,虽然在不同程度上受到欧、美、日等地区城市规划与理论的影响,但都强调象征性与功能性并重。环形-放射状空间在大连的城市规划建设具有时空连续性,但受地形、交通、规划理念等变化影响,形态与功能趋向独立,关联性减弱,重要程度退居街道网络之后;其延承与变化在城市更新中需辩证考量。最后,研究重新提出“输入型”城市空间的“本土化”概念,并构建了普适性研究模式,为理解相似类型城市形态的演变提供了崭新视角。

After the“imported”urban forms,which originated from foreign cultures,were transplanted into Chinese cities,they generate brand-new urbanscape but suffer from a lack of cultural roots and a disconnection with the mainstream of contemporary urban planning.Thus,their current value and potential in urban renewal are questioned.The study takes the circular–radial space from the Baroque cities as an example to clarify the motivation of its import from the west to northeast China.It further clarifies their adaptive changes in form and function in the local urban context,through a case study on Dalian City.The study finds that different geometric patterns of existing circular–radial space were influenced by European,American,and Japanese urban planning theories to varying degrees,but with equal emphasis on symbolism and functionality.Their implementation in Dalian has a continuity in time and space.But due to the changes in topography,traffic,and planning concepts,their forms and functions tend to be independent,their connection weakens,and their importance recedes after the street network.The circular–radial space in Dalian led to distinctive urbanscape.But during their inheritance and transformation,the rationality of new forms and functions,as well as the necessity of continuing the initial ones need to be dialectically considered,so as to avoid dogmatic revival and antique reproduction.Finally,the study reconsiders the concept of“localization”of“imported”urban form,and constructs a general research pattern to provide a new perspective for understanding the transformation of similar types of urban forms.