以基于自然的解决方案修复圩田生境——鉴洋湖湿地公园首启区景观实践

Restoration of Polders Through Nature-Based Solutions——Landscape Practice in the Start-up Area of Jianyang Lake Wetland Park

曾经的渔业养殖历史与周边地块的持续开发,对鉴洋湖的生态资源造成了强烈冲击,使场地面临着自然肌理受损、水质污染、水生环境恶化、鹭鸟栖息地流失等问题。为使鉴洋湖的水质重归清澈,再现鹭飞鸟鸣的繁闹景象,项目团队借助基于自然的解决方案对废弃圩田湿地进行改造,打造了占地16hm^(2)的鉴洋湖湿地公园首启区。项目以"保留-打破-整合"为设计理念,建立起包含林-塘-田-湖-岛的复合生态系统,在有限的场地内引入了一套与区域风貌融合、紧凑高效且低维护的湿地净化系统,提升了鹭科鸟类的栖息地环境。同时,通过后期的监测和维护保障湿地净化系统的有效运行,引导场地植物群落的自发性演替。首启区的建设思路和运营绩效,为鉴洋湖湿地公园其他区域后续的修复工作提供了借鉴与经验。

The historical fisheries and the speedy urban development have dramatically threatened the ecological resources of Jianyang Lake in Zhejiang Province—the original texture of the site was largely damaged,the lake was severely polluted,and the Ardeidae habitats were badly degraded.To improve the water quality and restore the habitats of Jianyang Lake,as well as represent the scenery of groups of Ardeidae inhabiting there,the design team restored existing polder wetlands through NatureBased Solutions and set up a 16 hm^(2)Start-up Area of the Jianyang Lake Wetland Park.Applying the proposed design concept of“Retaining-Breaking-Integrating,”an integrated ecosystem composed of forest,pond,farmland,lake,and island was formed.The design team also introduced a high-efficiency wetland purification system which is harmoniously embedded with the local image and resilient to climate changes with low maintenance,facilitating the optimization of the Ardeidae habitats.The long-term monitoring and maintenance would ensure the efficiency of the wetland purification system and spontaneous succession of the plant communities.The design concept,construction process,and performance of the Start-up Area can further offer references to restoration of the other parts of the park.