电力市场化改革下我国需求响应价格形成机制研究

Study on the Price Formation Mechanism of Demand Response under the Electricity Market Reform in China

在加快构建新型电力系统背景下,通过需求响应深入挖掘需求侧资源潜力,提升需求响应能力和作用,对促进电力供需灵活互动具有重要意义。我国需求响应主要包括基于价格型和基于激励型两种类型。随着电力市场化改革深入推进,各地逐渐形成差异化的需求响应价格形成机制。本文基于文献和实地调研,梳理总结了以上两类需求响应在我国典型省份的价格形成机制,深度剖析峰谷电价对供需形势反应滞后、需求响应补偿来源和力度亟须完善、需求响应对现货市场价格的影响等典型问题,进而从全面推动需求响应市场化常态运行、完善电力零售套餐对现货价格的传导机制、探索研究配网层面需求响应价格机制等方面提出政策建议。

In the context of accelerating the construction of the new power system,deep exploration of demand-side resource potential through demand response,and enhance the capability and function of demand response,are of significant importance for promoting flexible interaction between electricity supply and demand.Demand response in China mainly includes two types:price-based and incentivebased.With the deepening of electricity market reform,various regions have gradually developed differentiated demand response pricing mechanisms.Based on literature review and field research,this paper summarizes the pricing mechanisms of the above two types of demand response in typical provinces of China.It deeply analyzes typical issues such as the delayed response of peak-valley electricity prices to supply and demand situations,the urgent need to improve the sources and strength of demand response compensation,and the impact of demand response on spot market prices.Furthermore,policy recommendations are proposed from the perspectives of fully promoting the marketoriented normal operation of demand response,improving the transmission mechanism of retail electricity packages to spot prices,and exploring the pricing mechanism of demand response at the distribution network level.