我国稻谷最低收购价定价机制研究

Study on the Pricing Mechanism of the Minimum Purchase Price for Rice in China

稻谷最低收购价政策对于保障国家粮食安全发挥着重要作用。借鉴货币政策中的“泰勒规则”原理和当前我国稻谷最低收购价形成机制,本文实证检验影响稻谷最低收购价的各项因素,并对各因素的效应规模和重要性进行评价。研究发现:上年最低收购价、过去两年平均总成本、上年库存水平、上年最低收购价与市场售价价差、国内与国际稻谷市场价价差对本年度最低收购价有较强影响;不同品种的稻谷最低收购价受上述因素的影响程度具有显著差异。进一步分析发现,差异性主要来源于稻谷供给弹性和用途的差异。建议相关部门进一步完善我国稻谷最低收购价形成机制,使稻谷最低收购价能够调整及时、幅度合适。

The minimum purchase price policy for rice plays an important role in ensuring national food security.Drawing on the Taylor rule principle in monetary policy and the current mechanism for forming the minimum purchase price of rice in China,this article empirically tests the various factors that affect the minimum purchase price of rice,and evaluates the scale and importance of the effects of each factor.Research has found that the minimum purchase price of the previous year,the average total cost of the past two years,the inventory level of the previous year,the price difference between the minimum purchase price of the previous year and the market price,and the price difference between domestic and international rice markets have a strong impact on the minimum purchase price of the current year;The minimum purchase price of different rice varieties is significantly affected by the above factors.Further analysis reveals that the differences mainly come from differences in the supply elasticity and use of rice.Relevant departments should further improve the mechanism for forming the minimum purchase price of rice in China,so that the minimum purchase price of rice can be adjusted in a timely and appropriate manner.