我国主要城市居民食品消费价格比较研究——基于购买力平价视角的分析

Comparative Study on Food Consumption Prices among Regional Residents——Analysis based on purchasing power parity perspective

地区居民食品消费价格是衡量一个地区居民消费支出、反映地区间实际收入水平差距的重要指标。本文采用国家发展改革委价格监测中心主要食品类价格监测数据,应用空间价格指数法测算我国直辖市和主要省会城市居民食品消费价格地区购买力平价。研究发现:(1)2022年1-12月,26个城市的食品类消费价格基本平稳,地区购买力平价在0.857-1.102范围内波动,稳健性检验表明测算结果较为可靠。(2)构建固定效应回归模型发现,区域间地区购买力平价存在一定差异。东部地区和西部地区的地区购买力平价接近并显著高于中部地区和东北地区;南方地区的地区购买力平价显著高于北方地区的地区购买力平价。按地理区域分组来看,季度效应不显著。(3)鲜菜类价格是影响地区购买力平价变化的主要因素,其价格变动对地区购买力平价PPP的贡献度约为53.29%。研究结果有助于把握食品消费价格和生活成本的地区间差异,为缩小地区间差距、推进实现共同富裕的有关政策制定提供数据与经验依据。

The food consumption price of regional residents is an important indicator to measure their consumption expenditure and to reflect the actual income gap between regions.This article uses the price monitoring data of major food categories from the Price Monitoring Center of the National Development and Reform Commission,and applies the spatial price index method to calculate the regional purchasing power parity of food consumption prices for residents in municipalities directly under the central government and major provincial capital cities.Research has found that(1)From January to December 2022,food consumption prices in 26 cities remained relatively stable,with regional purchasing power parity fluctuating between 0.857 and 1.102.Correlation analysis and robustness testing indicate that the calculation results are relatively reliable.(2)Constructing a fixed effects regression model,it was found that there are certain differences in purchasing power parity(PPP)values between regions.The purchasing power Parities of the eastern and western regions are close and significantly higher than that of the central and northeastern regions;The regional purchasing power parity in the southern region is significantly higher than that in the northern region.According to geographical grouping,the quarterly effect is not significant.(3)The price of fresh vegetables is the main factor affecting the changes in regional purchasing power parity,and its contribution to the regional purchasing power parity PPP is about 53.29%.The above findings help to grasp the regional differences in food consumption prices and living costs,and provide data and empirical basis for narrowing regional disparities and promoting the formulation of relevant policies to achieve common prosperity.