置换模式下电动汽车补贴与定价决策研究——考虑地方政府补贴和消费者行为的分析

Research on Electric Vehicle Subsidy and Pricing Decision under Replacement Mode——Analysis with consideration of local government subsidies and consumer behavior

传统燃油车置换电动汽车可以有效缩小两者的市场占有差距,促进电动汽车稳健发展。本文考虑电动汽车的置换模式,分析消费惯性、燃油车市场比例以及电动汽车环境质量对企业与政府的最优决策、消费者购买行为、消费者剩余、环境效益以及社会福利产生的影响。研究发现:随着电动汽车环境质量的提升,电动汽车零售价格波动加大,政府购置补贴呈现先增后减的趋势,而两类消费者的实际支出成本则先减后增;企业的置换补贴随消费者惯性和置换净效益的增加而增大;随着有旧车消费者比例的增加,消费者剩余随之增大,而社会福利在一定市场条件下随之降低。因此,要根据消费者是否具有旧燃油车来区分消费者类型,鼓励企业采取不同的策略,及时调整置换及购置补贴,以保障企业权益,提高社会福利。

The replacement of electric vehicles with traditional fuel vehicles can effectively narrow the market share gap between the two and promote the steady development of electric vehicles.This paper considers the replacement mode of electric vehicles,and analyzes the impact of consumption inertia,fuel vehicle market ratio and electric vehicle environmental quality on the optimal decision-making of enterprises and governments,consumer purchase behavior,consumer surplus,environmental benefits and social welfare.It is found that with the improvement of the environmental quality of electric vehicles,the retail price fluctuation of electric vehicles increases,and the government purchase subsidy increases first and then decreases,while the actual expenditure cost of the two types of consumers decreases first and then increases;the replacement subsidy of enterprises increases with consumer inertia and replacement net benefit;as the proportion of consumers with used cars increases,consumer surplus increases,and social welfare increases under certain market conditions.Therefore,it is necessary to distinguish the types of consumers according to whether consumers have used fuel vehicles,encourage enterprises to adopt different strategies,adjust replacement and purchase subsidies in time,so as to protect the rights and interests of enterprises and improve social welfare.