“十四五”期间培育和发展中等收入群体若干问题研究

Research on Several Issues of Cultivating and Developing Middle-income Groups during the "14th Five-Year Plan"

加快扩大中等收入群体,构建"橄榄型"分配结构,是实施扩大内需战略的重要基石。"十四五"时期,若收入分布与外部条件不变,中等收入群体有望实现年均3%左右的增长,约1亿人迈入中等收入群体。但若世界不平等加剧、就业缺口增大、工资增长放缓,有可能导致中等收入群体增长数量失速与发展质量下滑"双碰头"风险。为有效应对风险与挑战,培育中等收入群体重点要从以量为主转变为量质双提,做好相关顶层设计,加大"农民工""市民化"改革力度,从稳就业、拓收入、降负担、应诉求等多方面综合施策。

Speeding up the expansion of middle-income groups and building an"olive-shaped"distribution structure are important cornerstones for implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand.During the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period,if income distribution and external conditions remain unchanged,the middle-income group is expected to achieve an average annual growth of about 3%,and about 100 million people will enter the middle-income group.However,if inequality in the world increases,the employment gap increases,and wage growth slows,it may lead to the risk of a"double encounter"in the growth of the middle-income group and the decline in the quality of development.In order to effectively deal with risks and challenges,the focus of cultivating middle-income groups must be shifted from focusing on quantity to improving both quantity and quality.The relevant top-level design should be done well,and the reform of"migrant workers"and"citizens"should be strengthened,so as to stabilize employment and increase income.,Reduce burden,respond to demands and other comprehensive policies.