过度收集用户隐私数据行为的竞争损害及反垄断法规制

Competitive damage caused by excessive collection of user privacy data and anti-monopoly laws and regulations

数字经济背景下,数据驱动型企业滥用市场支配地位过度收集用户隐私数据,是兼具垄断性质和消费者隐私利益保护的新型滥用行为,提出了反垄断法保护隐私利益的难题。本文以消费者利益受损的损害后果为视角,可将其定性为剥削性滥用行为纳入反垄断法规制,但在规制中存在《反垄断法》规范中的障碍、不同部门法之间难以协调、隐私数据保护难以衡量等困境。深入考察该行为所造成的排除限制竞争和创新损害等其他竞争损害,反垄断法规制具有必要性,同时应对新型滥用行为的反垄断法分析框架进行调整。具体规制中应当全面分析过度收集行为造成的多元竞争损害,辅以隐私数据保护程度的分析和评价工具,综合认定该类新型滥用行为。

In the context of the digital economy,data-driven companies abuse their dominant market position to excessively collect user privacy data.This is a new type of abuse with both monopoly nature and consumer privacy protection.It raises the problem of protecting privacy interests under the anti-monopoly law.From the perspective of the consequences of damage to consumer interests,this article can be characterized as exploitative abuse and included in the anti-monopoly regulations,but there are obstacles in the regulations of the Anti-Monopoly Law,and it is difficult to coordinate between different departmental laws.,Privacy data protection is difficult to measure and other dilemmas.In-depth investigation of other competitive damages caused by this behavior,such as elimination of restricted competition and innovation damage,is necessary for anti-monopoly regulations,and the anti-monopoly law analysis framework for new types of abuses should be adjusted at the same time.Specific regulations should comprehensively analyze the damage to multiple competition caused by excessive collection behavior,supplemented by analysis and evaluation tools of the degree of privacy data protection,and comprehensively identify this type of new type of abuse.