推动制造业高质量发展须把“稳就业”放在突出位置——兼析新一轮科技革命进程中的就业结构变化

Promoting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry must place"stabilizing employment"in a prominent position——Analyze the changes in the employment structure in the process of the new round of technological revolution

推动制造业高质量发展、稳就业是我国"十四五"时期的重大任务、重要内容。"十四五"时期,我国发展的内部条件和外部环境将发生复杂而深刻的变化,从总量看,我国制造业就业将减少1540万人,从分项看,制造业向服务业转移804万人、产业跨境转移392万人、机器换人转移250万人。稳制造业就业是稳就业的关键,要实施就业优先战略提高就业质量,将稳企业作为"六稳"重要内容,促进先进制造业和现代服务业深度融合,借鉴他国举措维护就业形势稳定,研究制定双轨道产业发展政策。

Promoting the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry and stabilizing employment are China’s major tasks and important contents during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period.During the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period,the internal conditions and external environment of China’s development will undergo complex and profound changes.In terms of total volume,employment in China’s manufacturing industry will decrease by 15.4 million;as for sub-items,8.04 million people were transferred from manufacturing to service industries,3.92 million people were transferred across borders,and 2.5 million people were replaced by machines.Stabilizing employment in the manufacturing industry is the key to stabilizing employment.Implementing the employment priority strategy to improve the employment quality,enterprises stabilization should be regarded as a vital part of the"six stability".Thereby promoting the deep integration of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries.It is necessary to learn from other countries’measures to maintain the stability of the employment situation and to study and formulate dual-track industrial development policies.