“十四五”时期新能源汽车产业竞争力提升的方向与路径

The direction and path of improving the competitiveness of the new energy automobile industry during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period

在对全球新能源汽车产业竞争态势归纳梳理的基础上,本文分析了中国新能源汽车产业的竞争优势、面临的挑战、提升的方向和路径,并提出了政策建议。第一,"十三五"期间,新能源汽车产业的规模不断扩大,替代效应在个别国家十分显著,新能源汽车应用更加多样化、基础设施不断改善,主要技术路线为BEV、PHEV和FCEV。第二,"十三五"期间,中国新能源汽车产业竞争优势体现在市场规模、整车生产制造能力、产业配套能力、产业政策和基础设施建设等方面,新能源产业发展的多项指标领先全球。第三,展望"十四五",更加多样化的政策、更加开放的竞争机制、更多主流车企的进入将推动中国新能源汽车产业向高质量发展。然而,也要清醒地认识到"十四五"期间,中国新能源汽车产业的发展将面临全球经济衰退、新能源汽车购买补贴退坡、市场更加开放和竞争日益激烈的挑战,国内新能源汽车企业的国际化市场竞争能力有待提高。为此,本文提出要加强国际合作,共同做大新能源汽车产业的蛋糕;还要通过创新不断降低新能源汽车产业链的成本。

On the basis of summarizing the competitive situation of the global new energy automobile industry,this article analyzes the competitive advantages,challenges,direction and path of improvement of China’s new energy automobile industry,and puts forward policy recommendations.First,during the"13 th Five-Year Plan"period,the scale of the global new energy vehicle industry continues to expand,and the substitution effect is very significant in individual countries.The main technical routes are BEV,PHEV and FCEV.The application of new energy vehicles is more diversified and the infrastructure continues to improve..Second,during the"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan"period,China’s new energy automotive industry’s competitive advantages are reflected in market scale,vehicle manufacturing capabilities,industrial supporting capabilities,policies and infrastructure construction,and many indicators for the development of the new energy industry lead the world.Third,looking forward to the"14 th Five-Year Plan",more diversified policies,more open competition mechanisms,and the entry of more mainstream auto companies will promote the high-quality development of China’s new energy auto industry.However,we must be soberly aware that during the"14 th Five-Year Plan"period,the development of China’s new energy automobile industry will face the challenges of global economic recession,decline in subsidies for purchase of new energy vehicles,more open markets,and increasingly fierce competition.Technology is still constrained by others and has not yet broken through.The competitiveness of domestic new energy automobile companies in the international market needs to be improved.To this end,this article proposes to strengthen international cooperation to jointly enlarge the cake of the new energy automobile industry;and to continuously reduce the cost of the new energy automobile industry chain through innovation.