基于外部环境影响下稀土企业经营效率研究——以23家稀土上市公司为样本的测算结果分析

Research on the Operating Efficiency of Chinese Rare Earth Enterprises Based on the Influence of External Environment——Analysis of Calculation Results Based on 23 Listed Rare Earth Companies

稀土是重要的战略资源,也是不可再生资源。本文以我国23家稀土上市公司为样本,运用三阶段DEA模型对稀土上市公司2013-2018年的生产经营效率进行有效测度。研究结果表明:稀土上市公司的经营效率受市场份额、政府政策、技术创新水平等环境因素的影响较大。在剔除外部环境的影响后,稀土企业经营效率值和规模效率均呈下降趋势,纯技术效率则呈上升趋势,稀土上市公司短期经营效率偏低主要是由规模效率低下导致。长期来看,稀土上市公司经营效率处于逐渐递增的趋势。据此,本文提出加强对稀土资源的保护、继续增强稀土企业技术水平、助力稀土产业向规模化和集约化方向发展等对策建议。

Rare earth is an important strategic resource as well as a non-renewable resource. Taking 23 listed rare earth companies in China as a sample, the three-stage DEA model is used to effectively measure the production and operation efficiency of listed rare earth companies from 2013 to 2018. The main conclusions show: The operating efficiency of listed rare earth companies is greatly affected by environmental factors such as market share, government policies, and technological innovation levels. After excluding the impact of the external environment, the operating efficiency and scale efficiency of rare earth companies have shown a downward trend, while pure technical efficiency has shown a upward trend. The low short-term operating efficiency of listed rare earth companies is mainly caused by low scale efficiency. In the long run, the operating efficiency of listed rare earth companies is gradually increasing, and the operating efficiency of the six major rare earth group companies is relatively high. Based on this, suggestions are put forward to increase the scale and efficiency of rare earth enterprises, continue to upgrade the technological level, improve the external environment, encourage enterprises to actively carry out vertical and horizontal mergers and reorganizations, and optimize the allocation of rare earth resources to group enterprises.