家庭和学校对学生学业成绩的影响力比较——基于实证研究对《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的思考

The Relative Importance of Family versus School Factors for Affecting Students'Academic Performance:A Reflection on Family Education Promotion Act

家庭教育与学校教育共同影响学生的学业。在公共资源有限的前提下,如果不考虑二者影响力的相对重要性,不仅会造成资源的浪费,也不利于实现有质量的教育公平。本研究使用加入固定效应项的线性回归模型对中国教育追踪调查数据进行分析后发现:(1)家庭影响在经济发达的区域更为突出;(2)学校影响在受教育程度达到国家平均水平的区域更为重要;(3)在具有教育和经济资源双重优势的地区,学校的教育影响力强于家庭。因此,在制定《中华人民共和国家庭教育促进法》的配套措施时,要兼顾地方经济与教育发展水平,以提高教育政策干预的效率。

Family and school factors affect students'academic performance simultaneously.Increasing investment without understanding the relative importance may not only waste public resources,but also impede education equity.Analysing the CEPS data by ordinary least squares models with fixed-effect terms,this study found that:(1)family factors are more crucial in economically developed areas;(2)school factors are more important in places whose schooling years of population reach the average level in China;(3)school factors play a more critical role in predicting academic performance in areas with both economic and educational advantages.The design of policy for promoting family education should take local economy and education into account,which ensures the efficiency of educational investment.