义务教育公平入学的法治保障

On the Legal Guarantee of Fair Enrollment in Compul lsory Education

“就近入学”原则要求下的学区化办学政策,引发了人们对义务教育公平性的担忧。通过合理化教育支出、遮蔽学校差异信息、模糊“就近”的含义等方式,可以在一定程度上促进教育资源的平均分布。但由于缺乏对学区划分本身的有效规范,教育资源的公平分配问题依然突出。既有的学区划分规则制造了教育资源分布的显著差异,阻碍了公平入学,因此需要以资源的均衡分布为导向变革学区划分规则。要真正实现公平入学,不仅要保障教育资源分配中的机会公平,更要实现学区之间教育发展的实质均衡。在法律制度层面,除了要重塑“就近入学”原则实现少年儿童入学机会的均等,还应构造学区间教育均衡发展的多元治理体系,并以公益诉讼监督学校与政府落实其教育均衡发展责任。

The school district running under the principle of“nearby enrollment”has aroused people's concern about the fairness of compulsory education.To a certain extent,we can promote the average distribution of educational resources by rationalizing educational expenditure,masking the information of school differences,and blurring the meaning of“nearby”.Due to the lack of standardization of school district division,the issue of equitable distribution of educational resources is still prominent.The existing school district division rules create significant differences in the distribution of educational resources and hinder fair enrollment.Therefore,the school district division rules should be changed based on the balanced distribution of resources.To realize fair enrollment,we should not only guarantee equal opportunity in the distribution of educational resources but also realize the essential balance of educational development among school districts.At the legal system level,in addition to reshaping the rules of school district division,we should also construct a multi governance system of balanced development,and supervise schools and government to implement their responsibilities of balanced development through public interest litigation.