美国校园欺凌的治理经验及启示

Experience and Enlightenment of American School Bullying Governance

校园欺凌是个世界性难题,严重影响学生的身心发展。近年来,我国校园欺凌事件频发,引起社会的广泛关注。相对而言,美国在校园欺凌立法方面起步较早,在校园欺凌治理方面形成了自身特色。在立法层面,法律规制健全,形成了自联邦、州至学区的法律体系。在执行层面,实行零容忍制度,高度重视学校主体责任的落实,注重采取以转化教育为特征的举措,致力于营造安全的校园环境,做到了以学校为主体,防治同步。同时还注重综合治理,建立了多元协同共治机制,多方力量共同参与,做到了政府指导、以学校为主体、家长配合、社会参与。可借鉴美国的有益经验,从我国实际出发,加快校园欺凌专项立法进程,从政府、学校、家庭、社会等方面入手,形成以学校为主体,以法律为保障,政府、社会、家庭积极参与、协同共治的治理体系。

School bullying is a worldwide problem that seriously affects the physical and mental development of students.In recent years,incidents of school bullying in our country have occurred frequently,causing widespread social concern.Relatively speaking,the United States has earlier legislation on school bullying and has achieved remarkable results in the prevention of school bullying,and formed its own characteristics in the governance of school bullying.At the legislative level,there are sound legal regulations,forming a legal system from the federal,state to the school district.At the operational level,a zero tolerance system has been implemented.It also attaches great importance to the implementation of school’s main responsibility,pays attention to taking measures characterized by transforming education,and is committed to creating a safe campus environment,achieving the system with schools serving as the main body and the synchronization of prevention and control.At the same time,it pays attention to comprehensive measurement,and establishes a multiple and coordinated co-governance mechanism,where multiple forces participate together to achieve government guidance,schools functioning as the main body,parent cooperation,and social participation.We can learn from the useful experience of the United States,proceed from the reality of our country,accelerate the process of special legislation on school bullying,start with the government,schools,families,society,etc.,and form a governance system in which schools are the main body,the law is the guarantee,and the government,society,and families actively participate in coordinated governance.