中小学教师教育惩戒权正当性分析及行使边界

Analysis on the Legitimacy of the Power of Educational Discipline of Primary and Secondary School Teachers and the Boundary of Its Exercise

《中小学教育惩戒规则(试行)》的颁布从国家层面明确了教育惩戒权。教育惩戒权不仅具有形式上的合法性,也具备实质上的正当性作为内部支撑。本文主张修正的利益衡量原理,将个人利益、制度利益、法治国的基础利益等纳入立体的利益衡量体系,以探求教育惩戒权的实质正当化根据。各地各校在制定具体细则时应恪守育人为本、目的正当,过罚适当、措施适度,合法合规、程序公正,保障安全、防范风险四大原则,以原则指导制定相关规则与程序,根据违规违纪严重程度和学生个人情况合理实施惩戒,避免与体罚混同。

The Primary and Secondary School Educational Discipline Rules(Trial)clearly defines the right of educational discipline from the national level.The right of educational discipline has not only formal legitimacy,but also substantial legitimacy as internal support.This article advocates the revised principle of interest measurement,which incorporates personal interests,institutional interests,and the basic interests of the Rechtsstaat into a tridimensional interest measurement system to explore the substantive justification of the right of educational discipline.When formulating specific rules,local governments and schools should abide by the four principles of educationoriented,proper purpose;appropriate punishment;legal compliance,fair procedures;ensuring safety and preventing risks.And using these four principles as guidance in the formulation of relevant rules and procedures.The wielding of educational discipline power should be based on the degree of violations of regulations and students’personal status,avoiding confusion with corporal punishment.