环境教育立法:确立生态文明建设中的环境教育义务

Environmental Education Legislation:Establishing Environmental Education Obligation in the Construction of Ecological Civilization

我国环境教育制度缺乏义务约束的结构性弊端,消减了环境教育在生态文明建设中的作用空间,在一定程度上造成了生态文明建设中软性宣教手段不足、环境治理工具互动黏性不足。环境教育义务是政府、企业、学校等环境教育实施主体有效组织、开展环境教育的法律义务。对该义务的理论建构是生态文明建设的现实吁求,也是解决我国环境教育立法定位问题的实际需求。从倡导型政策到倡导、约束并举型义务的模式转换,从环境义务到环境教育义务的演进,从单一义务到与环境教育权利、环境权、受教育权结合的权义复合结构,从教育形态到教育法形态的概念演化是环境教育义务的法理演进路径。通过制定专门的"环境教育法",拓展相关法律的内容,从法律上明确系统地确立环境教育义务,设置不同主体的环境教育义务规范及义务级差,对违反环境教育义务的责任进行体系化配置是实现环境教育义务的首要路径。

The lack of compulsory restraint in China's environmental education system has reduced the role of environmental education in the construction of ecological civilization.To a certain extent,it has resulted in the insufficiency of soft propaganda means in the construction of ecological civilization and the insufficiency of interaction between environmental governance tools.The obligation of environmental education are the legal obligation for the government,enterprises and schools to organize and effectively carry out environmental education.The theoretical construction of this obligation is a realistic appeal for the construction of ecological civilization and a practical demand for solving the problem of legislative positioning of environmental education in China.The evolution path of jurisprudence of the obligation of environmental education are realized from advocacy-oriented policy to advocacy-binding compulsory pattern,the gradual evolution from environmental obligation to environmental education legal obligation,from the single obligation to the combination of the right to environmental education,the right to environment and the right to education,from education form to the concept of the evolution of environmental law form.It is the primary way to establish the legal obligation of environmental education through making"Environmental Education Act",expanding the content of relevant laws,which establishes legal obligation of environmental education in law clearly and systematically,setting up the compulsory norms and gradations of obligation of environmental education for different subjects and systematically allocating the responsibility for violating obligation of environmental education.