如何落实高等学校的自主办学地位

On the Implementation of Autonomous Running Status of Higher Education Institutions

自主办学是中国高等学校改革孜孜以求的目标,是大学自治的中国化表述方式。20世纪90年代,公立学校的法人化改革使政府与学校之间的分权具有了一种合法的依据,并使"办学自主权"这一界定较为笼统的政策概念具有了一种确定的法律性质。然而法律在赋予高等学校自主办学资格的同时并未对其行为能力和行为方式做出明确的规约,因此高等学校有可能做过去不能做的许多事情,给寻求发展的高等学校带来了一种获利的实际可能性。高等学校的自主办学在理念上主张基于普遍的公众参与和协商民主;在主体行为假定上,主张通过适当的机制设计和制度安排来促成高等学校实现兼容并包;在价值取向上,主张在公平基础上追求效率的最大化;在利益导向上,主张协调公益和私益,兼顾利益相关者的合法权益;在治理对象上,主张包括公共关系覆盖的整个高等学校领域。高等学校章程是国家立法体系之外,由高等学校自主制定的书面文件,是利益相关者意思表示一致的结果。为确保高等学校自主办学的有序进行,必须改造现行的高等学校与国家公权关系,建立完善的章程运作体系。

Autonomous running is the goal that China's higher education institutions reform has assiduously pursued,and it is the Chinese expression of university self-governance.In the 1990s,the corporative reform of public schools made the decentralization between government and school have a legitimate basis,and made the definition of"autonomous running"which was a general concept of policy have a certain legal nature.However,the law does not make a clear stipulation on the behavioral ability and method when giving higher education institutions the qualification of autonomy,which means that the higher education institutions who are searching for development may have the actual possibility of profit to do many things that they could not do in the past.On the idea,the autonomous running of higher education institutions advocates a common public participation and deliberative democracy.On the assumption of subject behavior,it holds the view of an appropriate mechanism designation and institutional arrangements to promote higher education institutions become compatible.On the value orientation,it suggests to pursue the maximization of efficiency based on fairness.On the interest orientation,it stands for coordination of public welfare and private interests and takes into account the legitimate rights and interests of stakeholders.On the object of governance,it asserts the entire higher education field that public relations cover.The university constitution is a written document which is independently formulated by the higher education institutions outside the context of national legislative system and is the agreement of the interests of the stakeholders.In order to ensure the autonomous running,it is necessary to transform the existing relationship between higher education institutions and state power and establish a sound operation system of the university constitution.